La (re)construcción de Chachapoyas a través de la historia e histografía

Genetic assessment reveals no population substructure and divergent regional and sex-specific histories in the Chachapoyas from northeast Peru

“…In fact, the name “Chachapoyas” was originally given by the Incas to denote an administrational province that held an aggregate of ethnic groups, and the name was later retained by the Spanish [ 3 – 5 ]. Similarly, in archaeology, Chachapoyas is still used as a shorthand to refer collectively to the several culturally diverse groups that specialists distinguish as inhabitants of this region before the Inca and Spanish conquests [ 6 ]. It is however unclear, whether the cultural differences identified also signify restricted gene flow and genetic segregation of these subgroups.…”

Lasers Without Lost Cities: Using Drone Lidar to Capture Architectural Complexity at Kuelap, Amazonas, Peru

“…Narváez (2013, 131) argues that the exceptionality of Kuelap's architecture and occupation makes it likely that the site served as the "political capital of the Chachapoyas kingdom" whose "power was capable of mobilizing the collective labor of diverse affiliated nations under its rule … [and] of organizing the political control of a vast territory whose limits reached the Marañón river in the west and the Huallaga River in the east" (my translation). In contrast, Church and Von Hagen (2008), Guengerich (2015) and Church and Guengerich (2017) note that while the site's monumental walls are indeed exceptional, Kuelap's size does not place it atop the kinds of settlement hierarchies that are typical of highly centralized political systems. Indeed, the number of structures at the site (and likely, population numbers) are not exceptional when compared to other large sites in Amazonas and La Libertad, such as Caserones (Schjellerup 1997), Purun Llaqta de Cheto (Ruiz Estrada 2004), and Olán / La Jalca (Lerche 1986).…”

“…archaeological sites, to the east of the Marañón River ranging from beyond the furthest southern border of what is now Rio Abiseo National Park, in the department of La Libertad, to as far north as the confluence of the Utcubamba and Marañón Rivers (Figure 1). Early models presumed that these traits-which include hilltop settlements comprised of circular houses, sometimes with large platform bases and exterior mosaic friezes, as well as certain decorative motifs in pottery and textiles-outlined a cultural unity that underlay the apparent regional political coherence presented in the chronicles (Church 1996: Church andGuengerich 2017). However, historical research suggests that the political and ethnic landscapes of the eastern slopes of Amazonas, La Libertad, and San Martin departments were quite fragmented (Espinoza Soriano 1967; Ruiz Estrada 2017), and recent archaeological research has highlighted additional diversity in material culture, casting doubt on the unity of Chachapoya culture, even as some elements of shared traditions remain evident (Crandall 2017;McCray 2017;Church and Guengerich 2017).…”

“…More than simply presenting practical challenges for archaeological fieldwork, landcover and topography in the eastern slopes have also impeded scientific understanding of regional history, obscuring the place of the montaña in regional social developments, including those linking the Andes and the Amazon. For much of their postcolonial history, the eastern slopes have been treated as a marginal region caught between the "green hell" or "counterfeit paradise" of the lowland Amazon (Meggers 1971;Goodland and Irwin 1975) and the supposedly more developed highland and coastal regions of the Andes (Church 1996;Church and Von Hagen 2008;Church and Guengerich 2017). Even as scientific investigations at sites in the ceja de selva have been carried out since the mid 20th century (e.g., Reichlen and Reichlen 1950;Ruiz Estrada 1972, 1979Thompson 1976), explorers and the tourist industry have continued to portray the area as mysterious and impenetrable (Savoy 1970).…”

Diversidad florística en el complejo arqueológico La Bóveda, en el sur del departamento Amazonas, Perú

“…La descripción de nuevas especies para el departamento de Amazonas es constante, teniendo como ejemplo algunas recientemente descritas por Damián (2019), Fernández-Hilario et al 2020 En el nororiente de Perú, se desarrolló la Cultura Chachapoyas (1000-1438 DC) (Kauffmann, 2017). Estudios paleoambientales hechos en la región de Chachapoyas están ayudando a esclarecer que la actividad humana en la zona inició durante el Holoceno (Church y Guengerich 2017). Los Chachapoyas ocuparon un territorio andino-amazónico con gran diversidad de flora y fauna, esto se relaciona con la congruencia de dos grandes ecosistemas: la selva alta (Yunga) y el bosque seco tropical, mientras que un tercero está relacionado con el antropismo y se le denomina "Jalca", o pastizales andinos (Kauffmann, 2017).…”