La gouvernance des aires marines protégées : le projet de parc marin en Iroise, un exemple de processus participatif ?

A framework to identify barriers and levers to increase the levels of protection of marine protected areas

“…Governance barriers Administration complexity and length of administrative procedures for the creation of MPAs, their development, obtaining funding, etc. [44][45][46] Common standards lack of common standards on the definition of an MPA and the levels of protection 46,47 Delimitation lack of clarity in geographic delineation and overlapping regulatory frameworks 45,48 Regulatory framework difficulty for managers to make the regulatory framework evolve due to a lack of decision-making or legal prerogatives 46 Resource barriers Information lack of information to the public or local stakeholders on the role and objectives of MPAs 45,49,50 Capital lack of financial or human capital 45,51 Knowledge lack of scientific knowledge in natural sciences and/or human and social sciences 45,52,53 Monitoring MPAs are not adequately monitored on a long-term basis 54…”

“…Participation not all stakeholders are involved in management and/or do not have the same influence in decision making 44,51,53,55 Perception different and potentially conflicting views of the socioeconomic and ecological costs and ecological costs and benefits of MPAs [56][57][58][59] Policy the use of MPAs as a conservation tool is not a political priority 44,46 Redistribution existence of ''losers'' and ''winners'' after the establishment of MPAs, restricted or expanded activities, lack of compensation measures, etc. 60,61 Levers Adopt binding regulations (regulations) enact rules that clearly define prohibited activities and the actors involved 44,45,62 Develop education on the marine environment (education…”

Preface

“…For example, we should always keep in mind the sea and the coastline as a useful parallel. Indeed, the participation in a national park project for the Mer d'Iroise (Van Tilbeurgh, 2006 ;Boncoeur et al, 2007), modified to become a natural marine park (the first in France in application of the law of 2006), shows many similarities with the observations one can make in certain mountain parks. In addition to the residents, do the local stakeholders play an increasing role in the processes of decentralization, fund-raising with private companies, and even the disengagement of the State?…”

Préface

“…Il convient ainsi, par exemple, d'avoir toujours la mer et la côte en miroir. Ainsi, la participation dans le cadre du projet de parc national de la Mer d'Iroise (Van Tilbeurgh, 2006 ;Boncoeur et al, 2007), transformé en parc naturel marin (le premier en France en application de la loi de 2006) comprend de nombreuses similitudes avec les observations menées dans certains parcs montagnards. Outre les résidents, les acteurs locaux occupent-ils une place croissante dans le cadre des processus de décentralisation, d'appel de fonds aux entreprises privées, voire de désengagement des Etats ?…”