La confiscación de órganos a la luz del derecho constitucional a la protección de la salud

Abstract

En este trabajo analizamos los argumentos a favor y en contra del que hemos denominado modelo de obtención automática en relación con los órganos de fallecidos. Para ello aportamos datos empíricos que permiten valorar su potencial impacto en las cifras de donación y en la opinión pública. Específicamente, por un lado, examinamos las razones que lo respaldan, haciendo especial referencia a aquellas relativas a la utilidad y la justicia. Por otro lado, estudiamos las manifestaciones que se oponen a este modelo teórico fundadas en la vulneración de intereses pre mortem y post mortem, y en el rechazo que generaría en la población. Por último, a modo de conclusión, subrayamos los aspectos que, a nuestro juicio, deberían regularse exhaustivamente si se implantase. En particular, nos referimos al estatuto jurídico del cuerpo humano, al trato al paciente en la última etapa de su vida, a los incentivos para los profesionales sanitarios y al reconocimiento del derecho a la objeción de conciencia.

Why whole body gestational donation must be rejected: a response to Smajdor

“…Nair-Collins argues that brain-dead patients can be, and many are, harmed or wronged by organ procurement as currently practiced. Other authors [ 9 – 11 ], make similar arguments from different perspectives. This is because the current practice of procuring organs from these individuals does not take into account their welfare interests (e.g., adequate nourishment and hydration), experiential interests (e.g., preferences regarding experiences in life) or investment interests (long-term projects giving a person's life meaning including what to do with their body when they die).…”

Beyond the Altruistic Donor: Embedding Solidarity in Organ Procurement Policies

“…Therefore, due to these issues, it is foreseeable that a recruitment model will generate social reluctance, making it highly questionable and unworkable. The national organ procurement policies' quality of governance can be assessed using indicators such as public support for these policies [44] and in this case, some studies show that the general population is not radically against such measures, but it does not have a majority of approval either [25].…”

“…Finally, the automatic procurement model (also called routine recovery or conscription system), which does not exist in practice, is based on the idea that organs of deceased people should be confiscated, even if it goes against their wishes. This is because organs are considered a public good that should be regulated by the state [25]. This model can take several forms, depending on whether we consider the family's preferences and/or the potential harms of not doing so.…”