L-tryptophan-titanium oxide nanoparticles showed selective anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity and improved host biocompatibility

Adeyemi, Oluyomi Stephen; Ishii, Kosei; Kato, Kentaro

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114597

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The tryptophan-coated iron oxide NPs were used for cytotoxicity testing, and all but 50 μg/mL of tryptophan-coated goethite resulted in survival rates exceeding 80%. To our knowledge, no previous studies have reported increased toxicity with tryptophan coating [ 26 ]. Therefore, the reason for the very strong toxicity at 50 μg/mL of goethite in this study is not clear and is a subject for future investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth inhibition assays and in vitro invasion assays were performed as described elsewhere [ 26 ]. For the growth inhibition assay, purified parasite (1 × 10 4 ) suspension was added to growing monolayers and invasion was allowed to occur for 1 h. Then, fresh medium containing the NPs (reconstituted in culture medium) was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tryptophan was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Using previously reported methods [ 26 ], powdered tryptophan was added to DMSO and stirred for 10 min, then goethite and hematite were added, and the mixture was stirred for another 10 min. Then, with the support of the ARIM Support Office of Chitose University of Science and Technology, the coating was assessed by the use of FTIR spectroscopy to confirm that it was successful.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We examined three relatively stable iron oxides: goethite, hematite, and magnetite. Previous studies have also shown that the L-tryptophan coating of metal NPs increases their anti-Toxoplasma effect [ 25 , 26 ]. Since Toxoplasma has a tryptophan requirement [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], we also investigated whether the l-tryptophan modification of iron oxide NPs enhances the anti-Toxoplasmic effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goethite and Hematite Nanoparticles Show Promising Anti-Toxoplasma Properties

Ishii,

Akahoshi,

Adeyemi

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasitic protozoan with a high infection rate in mammals, including humans, and birds. There is no effective vaccine, and treatment relies on antiparasitic drugs. However, existing antiprotozoal drugs have strong side effects and other problems; therefore, new treatment approaches are needed. Metal nanoparticles have attracted increased interest in the biomedical community in recent years because of their extremely high surface area to volume ratio and their unique reactivity that could be exploited for medicinal purposes. Previously, we confirmed the anti-Toxoplasma effects of gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles, in a growth inhibition test. Here, we asked whether the anti-Toxoplasma effect could be confirmed with less expensive metal nanoparticles, specifically iron oxide nanoparticles (goethite and hematite). To improve the selective action of the nanoparticles, we modified the surface with l-tryptophan as our previous findings showed that the bio-modification of nanoparticles enhances their selectivity against T. gondii. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the successful coating of the iron oxide nanoparticles with l-tryptophan. Subsequently, cytotoxicity and growth inhibition assays were performed. L-tryptophan-modified nanoparticles showed superior anti-Toxoplasma action compared to their naked nanoparticle counterparts. L-tryptophan enhanced the selective toxicity of the iron oxide nanoparticles toward T. gondii. The bio-modified nanoparticles did not exhibit detectable host cell toxicity in the effective anti-Toxoplasma doses. To elucidate whether reactive oxygen species contribute to the anti-Toxoplasma action of the bio-modified nanoparticles, we added Trolox antioxidant to the assay medium and found that Trolox appreciably reduced the nanoparticle-induced growth inhibition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goethite and Hematite Nanoparticles Show Promising Anti-Toxoplasma Properties

Ishii,

Akahoshi,

Adeyemi

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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“…Likewise, inorganic NPs aid in detecting and diagnosing parasitic diseases by interacting with receptors or biomarkers [147]. Additionally, inorganic NMs including mesoporous silica, metals (Cu, Ag, and Au), and metal oxides (TiO 2 and ZnO) are gaining attention for their improved therapeutic efficacy against parasites like malaria, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis [90][91][92]. In this regard, Adeyemi et al [93] found that Au, Ag, and platinum (Pt) NPs have promising anti-Toxoplasma gondii therapeutic activity.…”

Section: Inorganic Nmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Updates on Multifunctional Nanomaterials as Antipathogens in Humans and Livestock: Classification, Application, Mode of Action, and Challenges

Sadiq,

Khan,

Shen

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Pathogens cause infections and millions of deaths globally, while antipathogens are drugs or treatments designed to combat them. To date, multifunctional nanomaterials (NMs), such as organic, inorganic, and nanocomposites, have attracted significant attention by transforming antipathogen livelihoods. They are very small in size so can quickly pass through the walls of bacterial, fungal, or parasitic cells and viral particles to perform their antipathogenic activity. They are more reactive and have a high band gap, making them more effective than traditional medications. Moreover, due to some pathogen’s resistance to currently available medications, the antipathogen performance of NMs is becoming crucial. Additionally, due to their prospective properties and administration methods, NMs are eventually chosen for cutting-edge applications and therapies, including drug administration and diagnostic tools for antipathogens. Herein, NMs have significant characteristics that can facilitate identifying and eliminating pathogens in real-time. This mini-review analyzes multifunctional NMs as antimicrobial tools and investigates their mode of action. We also discussed the challenges that need to be solved for the utilization of NMs as antipathogens.

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Redox nanotherapeutics: Fundamentals and applications

Mahapatra

2025

Nanomedicine in Translational Research

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L-tryptophan-titanium oxide nanoparticles showed selective anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity and improved host biocompatibility

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Goethite and Hematite Nanoparticles Show Promising Anti-Toxoplasma Properties

Goethite and Hematite Nanoparticles Show Promising Anti-Toxoplasma Properties

Recent Updates on Multifunctional Nanomaterials as Antipathogens in Humans and Livestock: Classification, Application, Mode of Action, and Challenges

Redox nanotherapeutics: Fundamentals and applications

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