L-Threonine for Poultry: A Review

Kidd, M. T.; Kerr, B. J.

doi:10.1093/japr/5.4.358

Cited by 94 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Rosa et al (2001) found the threonine requirement of the classic strain broiler chick to be 0.69% for body weight gain and 0.68% for feed conversion ratio. Use of L-threonine decreased the crude protein requirements of the birds and reduced dietary crude protein which will improve nitrogen efficiency utilization, reduce nitrogen excretion, improve poultry tolerance to high ambient temperatures and reduce the level of ammonia in litter (Kidd & Kerr, 1996). Dozier et al (2000) reported that an increase in the concentrations of the dietary threonine to 0.74% optimized live performance of male broilers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary L-threonine and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> on performance, intestinal morphology and immune response of broiler chickens

Rezaeipour¹,

Fononi²,

Irani³

2012

SA J. An. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four dietary levels of L-threonine (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/kg) with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and immune system of broiler chickens. A total of 360 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to eight treatments with three replicates of 15 birds. The experiment was done at 0 to 3 weeks (as starter phase) and 3 to 6 weeks (as grower phase). Growth performance traits including weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded at the end of each week. At the end of the experiment eight birds per treatment were killed and carcass analysis was done. Sampling for blood evaluation was done on 7, 28 and 42 days of age. Results of this study indicated that use of SC did not affect feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio in chicks in contrast with the L-threonine. Use of L-threonine improved feed conversion ratio and gain of birds. Carcass traits were not influenced by dietary L-threonine and SC supplements. Use of L-threonine increased the intestinal morphology parameters such as crypt depth and villi height and width in both jejunum and ileum segments. On the other hand, villi height and width and crypt depth increased in both jejunum and ileum segments when dietary L-threonine increased. Effect of SC supplement on intestinal morphology was not significant. Results of CBC (cell blood counts) parameters, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin showed that these parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. Furthermore, the immune response (antibody titre) against Newcastle disease was not affected by SC on both 26 and 42 days of age. However, use of L-threonine influenced the chicks' immune response at 42 days of age. Our results have shown that the supplementation of L-threonine as a source of dietary-threonine in combination with SC improved growth performance and intestinal morphology traits in broilers.________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary L-threonine and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> on performance, intestinal morphology and immune response of broiler chickens

Rezaeipour¹,

Fononi²,

Irani³

2012

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…In corn-based feed and soybean meal, threonine is the third limiting amino acid, and as the birds are not able to synthesize it there is a high requirement of this amino acid in relation to the other, since it is associated with the formation of protein and maintenance of protein turnover, helps in the formation of antibodies and is present in the gastrointestinal epithelium (KIDD; KERR, 1996). It is also used in mucin synthesis, the function of which is to protect the gastrointestinal tract (MYRIE et al, 2001), and is an important component in the feathers (KIDD, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional requirement of digestible threonine for brown-egg laying hens from 50 to 66 weeks of age

et al. 2015

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The dietary requirement of threonine was determined for brown laying hens in the period 50-66 weeks of age, based on performance parameters and quality of eggs. For this we used 150 laying Shaver Brown hens distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0.460; 0.490; 0.520; 0.550 and 0.580%) of digestible threonine, six replications and five birds each. The digestible threonine levels did not affect (p>0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass or feed conversion kg kg -1 , but presented a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on feed conversion dozen kg, where the lower conversion was obtained with a supply of 0.521% threonine in the diet. There was no effect of dietary digestible threonine levels (p>0.05) on the yolk and albumen index, specific gravity, yolk percentage, thickness or shell weight per surface area, since the variable Haugh unit displayed linear behavior (p<0.05) and increased with increasing levels of dietary threonine. The percentage of albumen and shell presented a quadratic effect (p<0.05) according to the dietary levels of threonine, and the best levels of these variables were obtained with a supply of 0.520% and 0.521% digestible threonine in the diet. The dietary requirement of threonine for laying hens, aged between 50 and 66 weeks, based on converting food kg kg -1 , percentage of albumen and shell is 0.521% Key words: Digestible amino acid, laying hens, performance, egg quality Resumo A exigência dietética de treonina digestível foi determinada para poedeiras comerciais semipesadas no período de 50 a 66 semanas de idade, com base nos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e de qualidade de ovos. Para isso foram utilizadas 150 poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Shaver Brown distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos (0,460; 0,490; 0,520; 0,550; e 0,580%) de treonina digestível), seis repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de treonina digestível não influenciaram (p>0,05) o consumo de ração, produção de ovos, peso de ovos, massa de ovos e conversão alimentar kg kg -1 , mas apresentaram efeito quadrático (p<0,05) sobre a conversão alimentar kg dúzia -1 , onde o menor valor de conversão foi obtido com o fornecimento de 0,521% de treonina digestível na dieta. Não foi observado efeito dos níveis dietéticos de treonina digestível (p>0,05) sobre o índice de gema e de albúmen, gravidade específica, porcentagem de gema, espessura e peso da casca por superfície de área, já a variável unidade haugh apresentou comportamento linear (p<0,05), aumentando com o aumento dos níveis de treonina dietéticos. A porcentagem de albúmen e casca apresentaram efeito quadrático (p<0,05) em função dos níveis dietéticos de treonina digestível, sendo que os melhores níveis dessas variáveis foram obtidos com o fornecimento de 0,520 e 0,521% de treonina digestível na dieta. A exigência dietética de treonina digestível para poedeiras semipesadas, com idade entre 50 e 66 semanas, baseada na conversão alimentar kg kg -1 , porcentagem de albúmen e...

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“…glycine, acetyl-CoA, pyruvate (Kidd and Kerr, 1996) and uric acid (Martinez, 1999). This amino acid is found in high concentrations in the heart, muscle, skeleton, central nervous system, and intestinal mucus, and is considered an essential amino acid for birds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with dietary levels of digestible lysine and threonine

Figueiredo¹,

Bertechini

Fassani

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The present study was developed using 864 Hy-Line W36 laying hens (42 to 58 weeks of age) with a randomized experimental design in a 4x3 factorial arrangement, with five replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit and 4 evaluation periods of 28 days each. The digestible lysine levels studied were 0.675%, 0.743%, 0.811% and 0.879%, and the digestible threonine levels were 0.542%, 0.596% and 0.650%. The performance and egg quality was evaluated. There were no significant effects on the egg production, specific gravity, albumen and yolk percentage and total solids in albumen and yolk for birds submitted to the different dietary digestible lysine and threonine levels. There was significant interaction between these amino acids on the egg shell percentage and Haugh unit in fresh eggs. There was a decreasing linear effect on the feed intake with increase of digestible lysine level. Egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion demonstrated a quadratic effect with the increase of the digestible lysine level with the best results in the diets with 0.754, 0.772 and 0.795% of digestible lysine, respectively. 0,754; 0,772 e 0,795%, poedeiras, proteína bruta, unidade Haugh

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L-Threonine for Poultry: A Review

Cited by 94 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of dietary L-threonine and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> on performance, intestinal morphology and immune response of broiler chickens

Effects of dietary L-threonine and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> on performance, intestinal morphology and immune response of broiler chickens

Nutritional requirement of digestible threonine for brown-egg laying hens from 50 to 66 weeks of age

Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with dietary levels of digestible lysine and threonine

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