L’innovation radicale par la méthode de l’utilisateur extraordinaire

Abstract

Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations Numéro spécial-L'expérience utilisateur dans l'appropriation des technologies : Quelles approches possibles ? L'innovation radicale par la méthode de l'utilisateur extraordinaire Radical innovation through the extraordinary user method

Les objets intermédiaires de conception comme instruments de l’activité : quels apports dans une démarche de conception inclusive et participative de technologies ambiantes à destination des personnes fragilisées ?

“…23 La « conception sensible à l'utilisateur » va plus loin en proposant d'inclure dans le processus de conception des personnes ayant un handicap comme consultants ou utilisateurs cibles (Buisine et al, 2018). Pour autant, l'intégration de personnes présentant un handicap peut avoir des limites d'un point de vue éthique et méthodologique, car certaines personnes, de par leurs déficiences (démence Alzheimer, trouble du langage ou de l'attention…), sont dans l'incapacité d'exprimer leurs besoins et opinions (Brangier & Pino, 2000).…”

How to Assess a Creativity Session

“…Incremental innovation corresponds to the continuous improvement of existing products, and radical innovation to the creation of new products. Innovation lever (Nordic Council of Ministers, 2006;Buisine et al, 2017, Metz, Burek, Hultgren, Kogan, & Schwartz, 2016: prices, technology, uses and sustainability. After one year of observation and twenty sessions analysed, not having a session with the price lever, we decided not to keep it.…”

“…Two to five distinct degrees are proposed according to the authors (Kleinschmidt and Cooper 1991;Balachandra and Friar 1997;Garcia and Calantone 2002) ranging from imitative innovation which corresponds to the expansion of the range, to radical innovation which consists in the introduction of a new product on a non-existing market. Finally, innovation can also be characterized by the lever adopted (Ministers 2006;Buisine, Boisadan, and Richir 2017). Price-driven innovation aims to lower costs.…”

Ordinary users, precursory users and experts in the anticipation of future needs: Evaluation of their contribution in the elaboration of new needs in energy for housing

“…Several proposals to circumvent these difficulties and to stimulate the anticipation of needs have been made. In the same way as Buisine et al (2018), we consider those which aim at inventing new needs (creation paradigm), and those which aim at identifying the forms they can take (discovery paradigm). The first relies on creativity methods (e.g.…”

“…Precursory users should therefore be useful in the needs anticipation phase, as they can detect needs that are not yet felt by ordinary users, and through their expertise of use, they develop rich representations of the domain, activities and artefacts, which can provide them with the ability to anticipate future needs. Robert et al (2019) and Buisine et al (2018) have also highlighted the potential benefits of including precursory users in the need's anticipation phase. While the ability to identify needs not felt by ordinary users and the ability to generate solutions have already been demonstrated among participants in the lead user method (Lilien et al, 2002), it remains to be seen what is the capacity of lead users to identify needs not felt by ordinary users and to imagine future needs, and to identify their specificities compared to experts.…”