L-carnitine treatment during oocyte maturation improves in vitro development of cloned pig embryos by influencing intracellular glutathione synthesis and embryonic gene expression

You, Jinyoung; Lee, Joohyeong; Hyun, Sang‐Hwan; Lee, Eunsong

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.027

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our result showed that adding 0.6 mg/ml L-carnitine into maturation medium of immature oocyte decreased ROS level in maturation medium. This result was in accordance with previous studies [36,37]. The mechanism of the antioxidation of L-carnitine may be via an scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH), superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The decreased degenerated oocyte rate in L-carnitine supplemented groups could also be attributed to its roles as an antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. The beneficial effects of L-carnitine are probably due to the reduction of intracellular levels of ROSs, which might lead to protection of micro-organelles such as mitochondria [37]. The mRNA stored in oocytes is a valuable molecular tool for determining oocyte quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L-carnitine supplementation (1.5-3 mM) during embryo culture enhanced lipid metabolism, via β-oxidation generating ATP, in bovine embryos resulting in improved blastocyst development and blastocyst cell numbers [53]. The positive effects of L-carnitine treatment (10 mM) during IVM of pig oocytes on the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos is probably due to increased intracellular GSH in recipient ooplasm, reduced ROS levels, and the stimulation of nuclear reprogramming [37]. More research is necessary to clarify the precise molecular and subcellular mechanisms underlying L-carnitine function in oocyte maturation and embryo development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining

Zare

Farahani

Salehi

et al. 2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining

Zare

Farahani

Salehi

et al. 2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…Previous reports indicate that stimulation of FAO with carnitine can alter oocyte and embryo gene expression. Carnitine supplementation during maturation increases the expression of both anti-and proapoptotic genes, as well as transcription factors in bovine oocytes (You et al 2012). Bovine blastocysts, after culture with carnitine, had elevated expression of genes related to ATP synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation and decreased expression of Bax, a proapoptotic gene (Takahashi et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence

Paczkowski¹,

Schoolcraft²,

Krisher³

2014

Reproduction

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Fatty acid b-oxidation (FAO) is essential for oocyte maturation in mice. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of etomoxir (a FAO inhibitor; 100 mM), carnitine (1 mM), and palmitic acid (1 or 100 mM) during maturation on metabolism and gene expression of the oocyte and cumulus cells, and subsequent embryo development in the mouse. Carnitine significantly increased embryo development, while there was a decrease in development following maturation with 100 mM palmitic acid or etomoxir (P!0.05) treatment. Glucose consumption per cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) was decreased after treatment with carnitine and increased following etomoxir treatment (P!0.05). Intracellular oocyte lipid content was decreased after carnitine or etomoxir exposure (P!0.05). Abundance of Slc2a1 (Glut1) was increased after etomoxir treatment in the oocyte and cumulus cells (P!0.05), suggesting stimulation of glucose transport and potentially the glycolytic pathway for energy production when FAO is inhibited. Abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2) tended to increase in oocytes (PZ0.1) after treatment with 100 mM palmitic acid and in cumulus cells after exposure to 1 mM palmitic acid (PZ0.07). Combined with carnitine, 1 mM palmitic acid increased the abundance of Acsl3 (P!0.05) and Cpt2 tended to increase (PZ0.07) in cumulus cells, suggesting FAO was increased during maturation in response to stimulators and fatty acids. In conclusion, fatty acid and glucose metabolism are related to the mouse COC, as inhibition of FAO increases glucose consumption. Stimulation of FAO decreases glucose consumption and lipid stores, positively affecting subsequent embryo development, while an overabundance of fatty acid or reduced FAO negatively affects oocyte quality.

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“…This increased level of b-oxidation was associated with a significant improvement in oocyte quality as demonstrated by the ability of fertilised oocytes to reach the blastocyst stage of development (Dunning et al , 2011) and a higher number of cells allocated to the inner cell mass . Others have also demonstrated a clear benefit of L-carnitine on oocyte maturation and developmental competence during IVM of porcine oocytes (Hashimoto 2009, Somfai et al 2011, Wu et al 2011, You et al 2012 which are heavily laden with intracellular lipid. L-carnitine supplementation is associated with redistribution of intracellular lipid droplet in bovine oocytes (Chankitisakul et al 2013), a reduction in intracellular lipid content in porcine oocytes (Somfai et al 2011) and a significant increase in oocyte mitochondrial activity in mouse , bovine (Hashimoto 2009) and porcine (Somfai et al 2011) oocytes.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Fatty Acids For the Production Of Atpmentioning

confidence: 96%

Lipids and oocyte developmental competence: the role of fatty acids and β-oxidation

2014

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Metabolism and ATP levels within the oocyte and adjacent cumulus cells are associated with quality of oocyte and optimal development of a healthy embryo. Lipid metabolism provides a potent source of energy and its importance during oocyte maturation is being increasingly recognised. The triglyceride and fatty acid composition of ovarian follicular fluid has been characterised for many species and is influenced by nutritional status (i.e. dietary fat, fasting, obesity and season) as well as lactation in cows. Lipid in oocytes is a primarily triglyceride of specific fatty acids which differ by species, stored in distinct droplet organelles that re-localise during oocyte maturation. The presence of lipids, particularly saturated vs unsaturated fatty acids, in in vitro maturation systems affects oocyte lipid content as well as developmental competence. Triglycerides are metabolised by lipases that have been localised to cumulus cells as well as oocytes. Fatty acids generated by lipolysis are further metabolised by b-oxidation in mitochondria for the production of ATP. b-oxidation is induced in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) by the LH surge, and pharmacological inhibition of b-oxidation impairs oocyte maturation and embryo development. Promoting b-oxidation with L-carnitine improves embryo development in many species. Thus, fatty acid metabolism in the mammalian COC is regulated by maternal physiological and in vitro environmental conditions; and is important for oocyte developmental competence.

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L-carnitine treatment during oocyte maturation improves in vitro development of cloned pig embryos by influencing intracellular glutathione synthesis and embryonic gene expression

Cited by 83 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining

Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence

Lipids and oocyte developmental competence: the role of fatty acids and β-oxidation

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