L'administration du contrôle économique en France, 1940-1950

Grenard, Fabrice

doi:10.3917/rhmc.572.0132

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…While the subsidy on butane gas offers citizens access to a daily energy source at a low price, thereby stabilising and improving their purchasing power, it is also an opportunity for operators to make lucrative profits and allows rentier behaviours (for a sociology of the accounting procedures based on ‘false numbers’, see Lampland, 2010; Samuel, 2021). Incidentally, efforts to get as close as possible to costs through price administration techniques (Dumez and Jeunemaitre, 1989; Grenard, 2010) may have opposite effects to those intended: in the case of butane gas, the very high margins (almost 50% of the retail price) are primarily explained by the multiplicity of items in the price structure, although they were intended to enable a highly detailed description of the sector (Court of Auditors, 2014: 35). The economist Najib Akesbi recalled that the management of subsidies is often to the advantage of companies because of the difficulty of knowing their costs (Akesbi in Sylla, 2007).…”

Section: Calculating Subsidies: From Table Cells To Social and Politi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The power of price subsidies in Morocco

Samuel,

Ferlaino

2023

International Sociology

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The Moroccan system of ‘compensation’ subsidises products that are deemed to be important for household purchasing power: butane gas, flour, bread, sugar, and fuel (until 2015). This article offers a historical sociology of this system, which was inaugurated during the colonial period in 1941 and which survived criticism from neoclassical economists working in international financial institutions. It demonstrates that the system’s resilience and the transformations it underwent can be analysed by treating it as a means of exercising power. Subsidies make it possible to involve private actors in governing social issues. It also helps to regulate economic and political rivalries and alliances through market interactions and competitive relationships, including around the King’s Palace. The administrative mechanisms used to calculate the subsidies and the retail prices also shape the relationships between operators in the various sectors, while allowing opaque and rentier management. In addition, despite being the subject of social demand, the compensation system has been criticised by technocrats and protest movements, particularly after the ‘Arab Spring’ revolutions in 2011. The article is based on an analysis of the practical procedures of compensation in the contemporary period, in particular concerning flour and bread, and to a lesser extent butane, as well as on an analysis of the debates and struggles that subsidies has given rise to within Moroccan society, its State administration, and its political parties.

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Section: Calculating Subsidies: From Table Cells To Social and Politi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The power of price subsidies in Morocco

Samuel,

Ferlaino

2023

International Sociology

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“…À l'inverse, la Commission de la concurrence continue de défendre la grande distribution. Grenard (2010).…”

Section: Encadré 1 Les Principaux Textes Encadrant La Grande Distribunclassified

À qui profite la « concurrence » ?

Billows¹

2017

Gouvernement Et Action Publique

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L'État n'a cessé d'intervenir dans la grande distribution, ce qui a contribué à la période de trente années de croissance qu'a connues ce secteur entre 1950 et 1980. Cette intervention a souvent été justifiée au nom de la promotion de la « concurrence ». Pourtant, les modèles de concurrence suivis par l'administration ont varié au cours de la période étudiée. Le premier modèle voit dans la concurrence un moyen de moderniser les structures commerciales de la France, en la débarrassant d'un petit commerce réputé archaïque. Un second modèle, qui émerge au cours des années 1970, voit dans la concurrence un moyen de servir les intérêts du consommateur. Un troisième modèle, qui voit le jour au début des années 1980, entend défendre les fournisseurs contre des pratiques « déloyales » de la part des distributeurs. Pour défendre leurs intérêts et prendre position dans l'espace public, les grandes entreprises du marché (distributeurs et fournisseurs) ont mobilisé et contribué à façonner ces modèles de concurrence. La notion de « concurrence » apparaît ainsi comme une notion flexible, permettant de défendre des configurations marchandes différentes.Abstract: The active regulation of mass retail by the French state contributed to three decades of growth between 1950 and 1980. The state justified intervention in the name of "competition". However, over the time period covered in this article, competition models implemented by bureaucracies varied. The first model viewed competition as a means of modernizing the French retail sector, and aimed at reducing the role of small shopkeepers considered to be archaic. A second model emerged in the 1970s. It viewed competition as a means to protect the interests of the abstract figure of the consumer. A third model, that emerged in the 1980s, sought to defend suppliers against the "disloyal" practices of retailers. To defend their interests and win the support of public opinion, economic actors (both retailors and the suppliers) used these various competition models, and in doing so helped to shape and transform them. Therefore, the notion of "competition" appears to be a flexible signifier in different market configurations.

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Monnet

2018

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L'administration du contrôle économique en France, 1940-1950

Cited by 19 publications

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The power of price subsidies in Morocco

The power of price subsidies in Morocco

À qui profite la « concurrence » ?

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