Kynurenine Pathway in Skin Cells: Implications for UV-Induced Skin Damage

Sheipouri, Diba; Braidy, Nady; Guillemin, Gilles J.

doi:10.4137/ijtr.s9835

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…A). Sheipouri and collaborators recently emphasized that the role of the Kyn pathway in normal skin cells is not well understood . Given the important role played by IDO in the engraftment of allogenic skin substitute in wound healing , the production of Kyn by fibroblasts observed in this study may contribute to the healing event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The expanding roles of 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐MT): in addition to inhibiting kynurenine production, 1‐MT activates the synthesis of melatonin in skin cells

et al. 2013

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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism, has been strongly associated with the progression of malignancy and poor survival in melanoma patients. As a result, IDO1 is a leading target for interventions aimed at restoring melanoma immune surveillance. Here, in a scenario involving the tryptophan catabolism, we report that melatonin biosynthesis is driven by 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT), a competitive inhibitor of IDO1, in human fibroblasts, melanocytes and melanoma cells. In addition to melatonin biosynthesis, 1-MT induced the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase mRNA in fibroblasts and melanocytes. We observed a great variability in the levels of IDO1 mRNA expression and kynurenine release between skin cells and melanoma cell lines in response to interferon-c, a classical IDO1 inducer. In this setting, melatonin was shown to downregulate kynurenine production. Furthermore, in a condition of low basal activity of IDO1, it was observed that 1-MT, as well melatonin, inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma cells. Taken together, our results suggest that 1-MT may serve as more than just a tool to disrupt tumor immune escape (via the inhibition of IDO1) because it was shown to act directly on the proliferation of human melanoma cells and induce melatonin biosynthesis in the tumor milieu. Moreover, 1-MT-mediated inhibition of IDO occurs in normal skin and melanoma cells, which addresses the possibility that all cells in the skin microenvironment can be targeted by 1-MT. Our findings provide innovative approaches into understanding tumor therapy related to the control of tryptophan metabolism by 1-MT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

The expanding roles of 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐MT): in addition to inhibiting kynurenine production, 1‐MT activates the synthesis of melatonin in skin cells

et al. 2013

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“…Hamdy et al exposed tryptophan to various light sources and demonstrated that UVB light markedly increased metabolism along this pathway (77). Sheipouri et al have shown that UV skin damage correlates with production of kynurenines from tryptophan (78). The damage to the lens of the eye with sun exposure is caused primarily by UV light.…”

Section: Tryptophan Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mystery of Chemotherapy Brain: Kynurenines, Tubulin and Biophoton Release

Sordillo

2020

Anticancer Res

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The majority of patients receiving chemotherapy experience post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment, sometimes referred to as "chemo brain" or "chemo fog." The cognitive impairment associated with this syndrome can be severe, and can sometimes last for many years after therapy discontinuation. Despite extensive investigations, its etiology is unknown. We argue that chemo brain results from damage to tubulin within microtubules. This damage can occur directly from tubulin inhibitors such as taxanes, epothilones or vinca alkaloids. Other chemotherapies stimulate increased mitochondrial activity and biophoton release. This results in abnormal tryptophan metabolism and excess production of neurotoxic kynurenines, which, in turn, damage microtubules.

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“…Skin is the largest organ of our body, which protects us from various environmental factors 1 . Skin infections have become more common worldwide due to changes in the environmental conditions on the globe, as a hazardous result of industrialization, pollution, deforestation, etc 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species as Possible Mediator of Antibacterial Activity of Parkia Javanica, Against Bacterial Species Predominantly Found in Chronic Wound.

Sil

Saha

Karmakar

2018

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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The crude methanol extract of Parkia javanica was screened for antibacterial activity. against bacterial species predominantly found in chronic wound, by serial dilution technique. Growth kinetics study was performed and percentage of ROS production was measured by NBT reduction assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were obtained with a range of IC 100 5-40 mg/ml in case of standard bacterial strains. The lag phase of all extract treated bacteria is extended compared to untreated cells. The normalized % of ROS is increased in presence of crude extract. This study suggests that the crude methanol extract of Parkia javanica possesses promising antimicrobial substances which are having activity against Standard ATCC bacterial species and ROS induced DNA damage could be the possible mediator of its antimicrobial activity.

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Kynurenine Pathway in Skin Cells: Implications for UV-Induced Skin Damage

Cited by 22 publications

References 97 publications

The expanding roles of 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐MT): in addition to inhibiting kynurenine production, 1‐MT activates the synthesis of melatonin in skin cells

The expanding roles of 1‐methyl‐tryptophan (1‐MT): in addition to inhibiting kynurenine production, 1‐MT activates the synthesis of melatonin in skin cells

The Mystery of Chemotherapy Brain: Kynurenines, Tubulin and Biophoton Release

Reactive Oxygen Species as Possible Mediator of Antibacterial Activity of Parkia Javanica, Against Bacterial Species Predominantly Found in Chronic Wound.

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