Abstract:The kings of Kush ruled a polity that was a 3000‐year‐old, culturally continuous kingdom dominant in the Middle Nile Valley as Kerma, Napata, and Meroe. During the Napatan period, kings from Kush ruled Egypt as the 25th Dynasty. In the Meroitic period (300
bce
–300
ce
), many of the most powerful rulers were, in fact, sole‐ruling queens.
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