Kudzu root: Traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Wong, Ka Ho; Li, George Q.; Li, Kong M.; Razmovski-Naumovski, Valentina; Chan, Kelvin

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.001

Cited by 309 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that puerarin activates blood and eliminates stasis, improves micro-circulation and decreases blood glucose (25,26). Furthermore, it has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment and management of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis of post-menopausal women (27)(28)(29). In the present study, STZ-treated rats showed a decrease in femoral BMD compared to normal control rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Puerarin inhibits caspase-3 expression in osteoblasts of diabetic rats

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of puerarin on attenuating caspase-3 expression in osteoblasts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the possible mechanisms involved. Diabetic rats were treated with a puerarin injection of 100 mg/kg/day. After 6 weeks, the bone mineral density, pathological changes and expression of caspase-3 were observed. The bone mineral density in the diabetic rats was significantly lower compared to the control group, while osteoblast numbers in the cortical bone were significantly reduced, and new bone formation in the diabetic rats was rare. Caspase-3 expression in the osteoblasts of diabetic rats increased compared to the rats in the control group. These pathological changes were improved and caspase-3 expression decreased in the puerarin-treated rats compared to the diabetic rats (P<0.01). High glucose levels affect bone metabolism and increase caspase-3 expression in osteoblasts, and thus lead to diabetic osteoporosis. Puerarin may play a protective role in diabetic osteoporosis via the reduction of caspase-3 expression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Puerarin inhibits caspase-3 expression in osteoblasts of diabetic rats

et al. 2012

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“…The experiment involving the co-infusion of phenylephrine was repeated, in rats pre-treated with prazosin, to investigate if prazosin (a α 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist) will give answers to questions that were not answered above. The dose of prazosin (1 mg/kg) used in this study, has been previously used by other researchers (Nagai et al, 2003;Dabire, 2004;Antunes et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2006;Braga et al, 2008;PintÉRovÁ et al, 2009;Wong et al, 2011) …”

Section: Does T Violacea Act By Blocking the Alpha I Adrenoceptors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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“…1,2) Its pharmacological effects are due to the presence of isoflavonoids, which include puerarin, daidzin, and other related metabolites. Puerarin exhibits diverse medicinal properties including hypotensive, 3) hypolipidemic, 4) hypoglycemic, 5) anti-oxidant, 6) anti-ischaemia, 7) vasodilation 8) and estrogen-like effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Two Divergent 4-Coumarate : Coenzyme A Ligases from Kudzu (<i>Pueraria lobata</i>)

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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As part of the efforts to understand isoflavonoid metabolism in Pueraria lobata at the molecular level, the cDNAs encoding two divergent 4-coumarate : coenzyme A ligases (4CLs, designated Pl4CL1 and Pl4CL2, respectively) were isolated from P. lobata roots. Sequence analysis revealed that Pl4CL1 had an N-terminal extension of twenty-one amino acid residues compared to Pl4CL2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pl4CL1 and Pl4CL2 fell into angiosperm Class II and Class I, respectively. Through in vitro biochemical assays, both Pl4CLs were found to have the capacity to utilize 4-coumarate and trans-cinnamate as substrates, while neither of them could convert sinapate. Pl4CL2 had a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1. The affinity of Pl4CL1 for 4-coumarate was 2.6-fold higher than that of Pl4CL2 (with the K m values of 3.5 µM and 9.1 µM, respectively). Combining the dataset including gene expression profiles, metabolites measurements, and biochemical properties, our results indicated that Pl4CL1, just as other angiosperm Class II 4CLs, might play a role in isoflavone biosynthesis in P. lobata, while Pl4CL2 belongs to angiosperm Class I, and may function as a housekeeping enzyme concerning lignification.Key words 4-coumarate : coenzyme A ligase (4CL); isoflavonoid; Pueraria lobata; puerarin Human have used Pueraria lobata as a herbal drug for many years.1,2) Its pharmacological effects are due to the presence of isoflavonoids, which include puerarin, daidzin, and other related metabolites. Puerarin exhibits diverse medicinal properties including hypotensive, 3) hypolipidemic, 4) hypoglycemic, 5) anti-oxidant, 6) anti-ischaemia, 7) vasodilation 8) and estrogen-like effects.9) As an isoflavonoid, the biosynthesis of puerarin should derive from phenylpropanoid metabolism, in which the enzymes in the early steps such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate : coenzyme A ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone reductase (CHR), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) are conserved in many plant species. Although puerarin was proposed to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, the genes for the enzymes involved in the pathway have limitedly been isolated and characterized from P. lobata. As part of understanding the isoflavanoid metabolism in P. lobata at the molecular level, we have undertaken standard amplifications of cDNAs on PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHR, CHI and isoflavone synthase (IFS) by degenerate primers from the P. lobata roots that are deemed as the source tissues mostly accumulating puerarin. Interestingly, the partial cDNAs corresponding to two divergent 4CLs, designated as Pl4CL1 and Pl4CL2, were amplified, and showed only 65% amino acid sequence identity between each other. In plants, 4CLs usually have many isoenzymes, e.g. structurally and functionally different 4CLs were discovered in Arabidopsis thaliana, 10) Glycine max, 11) Lithospermum erythrorhizon 12) , Lolium perenne, 13) Oryza sativa, 14)Phyllostachys edulis, 15) Populus tremuloides, 16) Panicum virgatum, 17)...

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Kudzu root: Traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 309 publications

References 149 publications

Puerarin inhibits caspase-3 expression in osteoblasts of diabetic rats

Puerarin inhibits caspase-3 expression in osteoblasts of diabetic rats

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Two Divergent 4-Coumarate : Coenzyme A Ligases from Kudzu (<i>Pueraria lobata</i>)

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