Kubelka-Munk optical properties of a barium sulfate white reflectance standard

Patterson, E. M.; Shelden, C. E.; Stockton, B. H.

doi:10.1364/ao.16.000729

Cited by 123 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Each measurement was performed until we accumulated 10,000 counts in the peak bin. The count rate for the ESR glue signal was several orders of magnitude smaller (10 3 ) due to lower efficiencies of the light and the photodetector and due to the lower fluorescence, and only 5,000 counts were acquired for this material. Since the background signal is proportional to the acquisition time, the ESR glue also exhibited a much lower signal-to-noise ratio (by >10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reflection data acquired using this technique do not always provide sufficient information to perform an accurate Monte Carlo simulation-some reflectors are fluorescent or change their angular reflectance distributions with incidence angle. Integrating sphere materials include barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], magnesium oxide (MgO) [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17], and polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) based reflectors [18][19][20], and these reflector materials have been extensively studied. Other reflectors that are frequently used in optical systems include titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) paint [11,16,21], Tyvek ® paper [22,23], ESR (Enhanced Specular Reflector) film [24,25], and Spectralon [19,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflectivity Spectra for Commonly Used Reflectors

Janecek

2012

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

131

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Abstract-Monte Carlo simulations play an important role in developing and evaluating the performance of radiation detection systems. To accurately model a reflector in an optical Monte Carlo simulation, the reflector's spectral response has to be known. We have measured the reflection coefficient for many commonly used reflectors for wavelengths from 250 nm to 800 nm. The reflectors were also screened for fluorescence and angular distribution changes with wavelength. The reflectors examined in this work include several polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reflectors, Spectralon, GORE diffuse reflector, titanium dioxide paint, magnesium oxide, nitrocellulose filter paper, Tyvek paper, Lumirror, Melinex, ESR films, and aluminum foil. All PTFE films exhibited decreasing reflectivity with longer wavelengths due to transmission. To achieve reflectivity in the 380 to 500 nm range, the PTFE films have to be at least 0.5 mm thick-nitrocellulose is a good alternative if a thin diffuse reflector is needed. Several of the reflectors have sharp declines in reflectivity below a cut-off wavelength, including (420 nm), ESR film (395 nm), nitrocellulose (330 nm), Lumirror (325 nm), and Melinex (325 nm). PTFE-like reflectors were the only examined reflectors that had reflectivity above 0.90 for wavelengths below 300 nm. Lumirror, Melinex, and ESR film exhibited fluorescence. Lumirror and Melinex are excited by wavelengths between 320 and 420 nm and have their emission peaks located at 440 nm, while ESR film is excited by wavelengths below 400 nm and the emission peak is located at 430 nm. Lumirror and Melinex also exhibited changing angular distributions with wavelength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflectivity Spectra for Commonly Used Reflectors

Janecek

2012

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

131

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“…Different computational techniques can be used to compute absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, such as KubelkaMunk approach, 36 inverse Monte Carlo method, [37][38][39] and inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method. 40 We chose to use the IAD method to determine the optical properties of water and phantoms containing CNTs due to its accuracy and rapid computing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of breast tumor phantoms containing carbon nanotubes and nanohorns

et al. 2011

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Abstract.The degree by which optical properties of tumors are altered following introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of varying concentration and type is poorly understood, making it difficult to predict the impact of CNT inclusion on the photothermal response to laser therapies. Optical properties were measured of phantoms representative of breast tumor tissue incorporated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) of varying concentration (0.01-0.1 mg/ml). Tissue phantoms were made from sodium alginate (3 g/ml) incorporated with polystyrene microbeads (3 μm diam and 1 mg/ml) and talc-France powder (40 mg/ml). Absorption (μ a ) and reduced scattering (μ s ) coefficients of phantoms containing CNTs were determined by the inverse adding-doubling algorithm for the wavelength range of 400-1300 nm. Optical properties of phantoms without CNTs were in the range of μ a = 1.04-0.06 mm − 1 and μ s = 0.05-0.07 mm − 1 at a wavelength of 900 nm, which corresponds with published data for human breast tumor tissue. Incorporating MWNTs, SWNTs, and SWNHs in phantoms with a concentration of 0

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“…In an article by Grum and Luckey,' the absolute reflectance values of pressed BaSO 4 were reported. Since these values have often been referred to by many authors 2 4 and since new, more recent values have been determined, it is felt that the most recent data should be published, particularly because the new values are somewhat at variance with the original data (e.g., the original reflectance value reported for X 300 nm was 0.987 for the pressed powder, the newer absolute value forthat wavelength is 0.968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these values have often been referred to by many authors 2 4 and since new, more recent values have been determined, it is felt that the most recent data should be published, particularly because the new values are somewhat at variance with the original data (e.g., the original reflectance value reported for X 300 nm was 0.987 for the pressed powder, the newer absolute value forthat wavelength is 0.968). Although some of the differences appear to be small, they are significant when compared with the precision of modern reflectometers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%