Krüppel, a Drosophila segmentation gene, participates in the specification of neurons and glial cells

Romani, Susana; Jiménez, Fernando; Hoch, Michael; Patel, Nipam H.; Taubert, Heike; Jäckle, Herbert

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(96)00603-x

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…(39) It is important to remember that in Drosophila gap genes are not only involved in segmentation. They also pattern the nervous system (40) and position the domains of Hox gene expression that assign segment identity. (41) Indeed, in contrast to hunchback, a homologue of Drosophila giant does not appear to function as a true gap gene in Tribolium.…”

Section: Gap Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms

Peel¹

2004

BioEssays

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The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, patterns its segments rapidly and simultaneously, via a mechanism that relies on the ability of transcription factors to diffuse between blastoderm nuclei. Ancestral arthropods patterned posterior segments sequentially in a cellular environment, where free diffusion was likely to have been inhibited by the presence of cell membranes. Understanding how the Drosophila paradigm evolved is a problem that has interested evolutionary developmental biologists for some time. In this article, I review what is known about arthropod segmentation mechanisms, and present a model for the evolution of the Drosophila paradigm. The model predicts that the primary pair-rule genes of Drosophila ancestrally functioned within and/or downstream of a Notch-dependent segmentation clock, their striped expression gradually coming under the control of gap genes as the number of segments patterned simultaneously in the anterior increased and the number patterned sequentially via a segmentation clock mechanism in the posterior correspondingly decreased.

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Section: Gap Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms

Peel¹

2004

BioEssays

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“…In view of the multiple functions of Kr beyond segmentation, such as during the already mentioned Malpighian tubule development (Harbecke and Janning 1989;Gaul and Weigel 1991;Hoch et al 1994;Hoch and Jäckle 1998), in the CNS (Romani et al 1996) and SNS (González-Gaitán and Jäckle 1995), during muscle differentiation Ruiz-Gomez et al 1997) and larval visual system development (Schmucker et al 1992), to list just a few locations where Kr was shown to be functional, it is conceivable that the interactions shown here may indeed play a role in one or several of the above-mentioned Kr-dependent developmental systems. In fact, the pleiotropic effects of Kr and the multitude of processes that involve the signal transduction pathways shown to affect, or be affected by, Kr activity in the eye, suggest that those interactions might be functional for some aspects of morphogenesis and differentiation during wild-type development, a proposal that will be addressed by future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutant analyses have shown that Kr activity plays a key role in the proper development of the Kr-expressing organs. They include the larval visual system, referred to as Bolwig's organ (Schmucker et al 1992), the kidneylike Malpighian tubules (Harbecke and Janning 1989;Gaul and Weigel 1991;Hoch et al 1994), the central nervous system (CNS; Romani et al 1996), the stomatogastric nervous system (SNS; González-Gaitán and Jäckle 1995), the formation of the muscle pattern in the embryo (Ruiz-Gomez et al 1997) and the proper innervation of a specific subset of larval muscles ). In addition, Kr has been found to be expressed in the amnionserosa, the larval fat body and possible other sites during larval and adult development where the function of the gene has not yet been illuminated (Gaul et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modifier screen of ectopic Krüppel activity identifies autosomal Drosophila chromosomal sites and genes required for normal eye development

2000

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Irregular facets (If) is a dominant gain-of-function allele of the Drosophila segmentation gene Krüppel (Kr) that interferes with eye development. In a search for genes that interact with Kr activity, we recently performed a systematic genetic screen to identify dominant enhancers and suppressors of the If eye phenotype that are located on the third chromosome. Here we describe locations and candidate genes of the second chromosome that act as dominant modifiers of ectopic Kr activity during eye development. The collection of more than 40 modifiers of Kr activity located on the second and third chromosomes, from which a total of 16 genes were identified, includes genes encoding transcription factors and components of signal transduction pathways that may regulate or be regulated by Kr activity. We also identified genes coding for more general cellular factors that could interfere with the intracellular transport or the half-life of the Kr protein. The data demonstrate that the If mutation provides a means to screen the Drosophila genome for functional components of developmental pathways that depend on or can be modified by Kr activity. Owing to the bias of the screening system applied, these modifier genes will be expressed and are likely to be required during Drosophila wild-type eye development.

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“…As a second example of the usefulness of EVOPRINTER, we generated an EvoP of the well (30), muscle (31), and the nervous system (32,33).…”

Section: Intragenus Evoprinter Analysis Of the Drosophila Krü Ppel (Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

EVOPRINTER, a multigenomic comparative tool for rapid identification of functionally important DNA

Odenwald

Rasband

Kuzin

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Here, we describe a multigenomic DNA sequence-analysis tool, EVOPRINTER, that facilitates the rapid identification of evolutionary conserved sequences within the context of a single species. The EVOPRINTER output identifies multispecies-conserved DNA sequences as they exist in a reference DNA. This identification is accomplished by superimposing multiple reference DNA vs. test-genome pairwise BLAT (BLAST-like alignment tool) readouts of the reference DNA to identify conserved nucleotides that are shared by all orthologous DNAs. EVOPRINTER analysis of well characterized genes reveals that most, if not all, of the conserved sequences are essential for gene function. For example, analysis of orthologous genes that are shared by many vertebrates identifies conserved DNA in both protein-encoding sequences and noncoding cis-regulatory regions, including enhancers and mRNA microRNA binding sites. In Drosophila, the combined mutational histories of five or more species affords near-base pair resolution of conserved transcription factor DNA-binding sites, and essential amino acids are revealed by the nucleotide flexibility of their codon-wobble position(s). Conserved small peptide-encoding genes, which had been undetected by conventional gene-prediction algorithms, are identified by the codon-wobble signatures of invariant amino acids. Also, EVOPRINTER allows one to assess the degree of evolutionary divergence between orthologous DNAs by highlighting differences between a selected species and the other test species.comparative genomics ͉ evolution ͉ gene structure and function D eciphering the regulatory mechanisms that control coordinate gene expression is a long-standing goal of biology. The comparison of orthologous DNA sequences from multiple vertebrate or invertebrate species promises to identify the cisregulatory elements that are central to the dynamic interplay between a gene and its transcriptional regulators (1-3). This cross-species comparison, termed phylogenetic footprinting, is based on the hypothesis that functionally important sequences evolve at a significantly slower rate than nonfunctional DNA (1). Phylogenetic footprinting has been used successfully to discover multispecies-conserved sequences (MCSs) that are critical for gene function (reviewed in refs. 2, 4, and 5). An essential first step in this process is the alignment of multiple orthologous DNAs. Multisequence-alignment programs include THREADED BLOCKSET ALIGNER (6), FOOTPRINTER (7), CONREAL (5), and PHYME (8). The multiDNA alignments are accomplished either by simultaneous or sequential pairwise alignments of input DNAs, with alignment gaps introduced to optimize the overall homology comparisons.Individual genome searches have also been commonly used to initiate MCS searches, and two popular whole-genome search algorithms are BLAST (9) and BLAT (BLAST-like alignment tool) (10). One significant difference between the BLAST and BLAT algorithms is that BLAT keeps an index of a species genome in memory and uses this index to scan linearly through ...

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Krüppel, a Drosophila segmentation gene, participates in the specification of neurons and glial cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 54 publications

The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms

The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms

A modifier screen of ectopic Krüppel activity identifies autosomal Drosophila chromosomal sites and genes required for normal eye development

EVOPRINTER, a multigenomic comparative tool for rapid identification of functionally important DNA

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