KP1 (CD 68) staining of malignant melanomas

Facchetti, Fabio; Bertalot, Giovanni; Grigolato, Pier Giovanni

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00004.x

Cited by 70 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As previously described by others for epithelial cells (Doussis et al 1993), our observation confirms that anti-CD68 antibodies, especially the KP1 clone used in our experiment, are specific mainly for organelles and not for a cell type, thus, the staining of mesothelial cells containing multiple granules and lysosomes is possible. Our data are consistent with other reports showing that anti-CD68 also reacts with granular cell neoplasms (Doussis et al 1993;Tsang and Chan 1992) and malignant melanomas (Facchetti et al 1991). Consequently, the constitutive expression of CD68 by MM cells extends their immunophenotypic similarities with mesenchymally derived mononuclear phagocytes and provides an additional antigenic marker for the diagnosis of mesothelioma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Establishment of permanent cell lines purified from human mesothelioma: morphological aspects, new marker expression and karyotypic analysis

Philippeaux

Pache

Dahoun

et al. 2004

Histochem Cell Biol

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This study reports the establishment of three major subtypes of human mesothelioma cells in tissue culture, i.e. the epithelioid, sarcomatoid and biphasic forms, and compares their phenotypic and biological characteristics. Primary cells isolated from biopsies or pleural exudates were subcultured for over 50 passages. We evaluated immunoreactivity using various mesothelial markers related to histological patterns of these cell lines. For epithelioid cells, calretinin and cytokeratin were found to be useful and easily interpretable markers as for control mesothelial cells. The biphasic form was only partially positive and the sarcomatoid type negative. Vimentin was expressed by all cell lines. BerEP4, a specific marker for adenocarcinoma, was negative. Interestingly, while the macrophage marker CD14 was negative, immunoreactivity for a mature macrophage marker (CD68) was expressed by all cell types, suggesting that this marker might constitute an additional tool useful in the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma. At the ultrastructural level, a cell surface rich in microvilli confirmed their mesothelial origin. PCR analysis revealed that none of the cell lines contained SV40 DNA. Karyotypic analyses showed more complex abnormalities in the epithelioid subtype than in the sarcomatoid form. These cell lines may be useful in the study of cellular, molecular and genetic aspects of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Establishment of permanent cell lines purified from human mesothelioma: morphological aspects, new marker expression and karyotypic analysis

Philippeaux

Pache

Dahoun

et al. 2004

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…They also frequently show immunoreactivity with macrophage markers including, MAC387 and HAM56 (1, 20, 38, 51). Some melanoma cells express MHC class II molecules that are normally present on antigen presenting cells and activated T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Stealth” Melanoma Cells in Histology-negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Itakura¹,

Huang²,

Wen³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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A proportion of patients who develop regional and distant recurrences of melanoma after a pathologically negative sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy are reported to have enhanced signals for melanoma associated mRNA when sensitive molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are used to evaluate their SN tissue. The significance of these findings remains controversial because the cellular source of the augmented signals cannot be known because the nodal tissue is destroyed during preparation for RT-PCR. Nonetheless it is claimed that the source of the augmented signal is covert metastatic melanoma cells. To determine whether there are histologically occult metastases in SN and whether there are sources of augmentable melanoma-associated mRNA other than melanoma cells we applied the reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction (RT in situ PCR) to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded nodal tissue. This approach amplifies small amounts of melanoma-associated mRNA and permits identification of the cells that express that mRNA. Cells containing MART-1 mRNA were detected in 6/21 SN (29%) and 2/16 NSN (13%) that were tumor-negative on hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical assessment for S-100, MART-1 and HMB-45. In patients with microscopic evidence of melanoma in their SN, MART-1 mRNA positive cells were identified in 2/7 NSN (29%) that were histologically tumor-free. MART-1 mRNA positive cells were also detected in tumor negative SN sections from 6/7 (86%) nodes that had tumor present in areas of the node not represented in the studied sections. Some cells that expressed MART-1 mRNA that was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm appeared to be melanoma cells while others resembled macrophages. The latter cells expressed augmented mRNA on granules that were intermixed with melanin granules. In other cases MART-1 mRNA positive macrophage-like cells contained nuclei and nucleoli more typical of melanoma cells and may represent the macrophage-melanoma hybrids that have been previously reported. Combination of RT in situ PCR for MART-1 mRNA and immunohistochemistry for CD68 revealed that CD68 was co-localized in some cells that expressed MART-1 mRNA. Some lymph nodes that are tumor negative by histology and immunohistochemistry contain cells that express mRNA for MART-1. Some of these cells may be interpreted as “stealth” melanoma cells in which, despite the presence of MART-1 mRNA there is an absence of immunohistochemically detectable MART-1 protein. Other cells that contain MART-1 mRNA are clearly not melanoma cells or may represent melanoma hybrids. These findings should be taken into account when interpreting and applying the results of RT-PCR analysis of nodal (and other) tissues.

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“…In accordance with other studies, protease was found to be the most useful retrieval method (Makitie et al 2001), as the use of heat in addition with citrate buffer (pH 6) only produced weak positive controls. Furthermore, when immunohistochemically staining CD68+ macrophages, we used the clone PG-M1 instead of KP1 as the latter has been found to cross-react with melanocytes (Facchetti et al 1991;Makitie et al 2001). Part II: Results…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and secondary tumours of the optic nerve, with emphasis on invasion by uveal malignant melanoma

Lindegaard

2007

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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Tumours of the optic nerve may originate in the optic nerve itself (i.e. primary tumours) or in structures adjacent to the optic nerve (i.e. secondary tumours). Furthermore, leukaemic infiltration and tumour metastases from distant solid tumours are also found in the optic nerve (i.e. secondary tumours). Large surveys have described primary optic nerve tumours and their treatment modalities, whereas secondary tumours have received little attention. Most reported work-ups have been based on material from referral centres and specialized departments.The correlation between invasion of the optic nerve in uveal melanoma and the risk of death from the disease has not been fully elucidated. The impact on prognosis may be correlated with tumour cells left in the proximal nerve after enucleation. In addition, melanoma with secondary invasion of the optic nerve may represent a highly malignant invasive subcategory of uveal melanoma. Clinical factors that make the ophthalmologist aware of optic nerve invasion when investigating a uveal melanoma are most important.Melanomas that invade the optic nerve may histopathologically display different invasive patterns and represent different types of uveal melanoma. A subtype of uveal melanoma with a preponderance for neural invasion may exist. Such a subtype has been identified for cutaneous melanoma (desmoplastic ⁄ neurotropic).In order to investigate tumours of the optic nerve in a known population, we studied all optic nerve tumours that had been surgically removed in Denmark over a period of 25 years. Furthermore, in order to resolve questions about secondary invasion of the optic nerve in uveal melanoma, we investigated all eyes with uveal melanoma and optic nerve invasion enucleated in Denmark between 1942 and 2001 (n ¼ 157).Tumours of the optic nerve in children were dominated by optic glioma and invasion from retinoblastoma, whereas tumours in adults mainly comprised optic nerve sheath meningioma and invasion from uveal melanoma.Optic nerve invasion of uveal melanoma was found in one in 20 patients. Increased IOP and juxtapapillary location were associated with both pre-laminar ⁄ laminar and post-laminar invasion of the optic nerve. Furthermore, ageReuse of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 20071 over 70 years, vision reduced to light perception, non-visible fundus and large tumour size were associated with post-laminar invasion. Only patients with optic nerve invasion had metastases to the CNS, kidney and heart. Histopathological features associated with optic nerve invasion were focal retinal invasion, neovascularization of the chamber angle and scleral invasion. Furthermore, non-spindle cell type and rupture of the ILM were all associated with post-laminar invasion.The optic nerve was invaded in four different ways:(1) by tumour extension from the neuroretina through the lamina cribrosa; (2) by direct extension into the optic ...

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KP1 (CD 68) staining of malignant melanomas

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Establishment of permanent cell lines purified from human mesothelioma: morphological aspects, new marker expression and karyotypic analysis

Establishment of permanent cell lines purified from human mesothelioma: morphological aspects, new marker expression and karyotypic analysis

“Stealth” Melanoma Cells in Histology-negative Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Primary and secondary tumours of the optic nerve, with emphasis on invasion by uveal malignant melanoma

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