Korean Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: Development and Validation of Clinical Efficacy

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of newly developed guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye.MethodsThis retrospective, multi-center, non-randomized, observational study included a total of 1,612 patients with dry eye disease who initially visited the clinics from March 2010 to August 2010. Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye were newly developed from concise, expert-consensus recommendations. Severity levels at initial and final visits were determined using the guidelines in patients with 90 ± 7 days of follow-up visits (n = 526). Groups with different clinical outcomes were compared with respect to clinical parameters, treatment modalities, and guideline compliance. Main outcome measures were ocular and visual symptoms, ocular surface disease index, global assessment by patient and physician, tear film break-up time, Schirmer-1 test score, ocular surface staining score at initial and final visits, clinical outcome after three months of treatment, and guideline compliance.ResultsSeverity level was reduced in 47.37% of patients treated as recommended by the guidelines. Younger age (odd ratio [OR], 0.984; p = 0.044), higher severity level at initial visit, compliance to treatment recommendation (OR, 1.832; p = 0.047), and use of topical cyclosporine (OR, 1.838; p = 0.011) were significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes.ConclusionsKorean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye can be used as a valid and effective tool for the treatment of dry eye disease.

Gut dysbiosis is prevailing in Sjögren’s syndrome and is related to dry eye severity

“…Secondary SS subjects were excluded from the SS group. DES group included subjects complaining of dry eye symptoms and less than 10 seconds of tear break up time (TBUT) which was defined as environmental dry eye syndrome by the Korean Guidelines [24]. DES group was also confirmed to have no existing auto-antibodies or rheumatology-related diseases.…”

Efficacy and Safety of Carbomer-Based Lipid-Containing Artificial Tear Formulations in Patients With Dry Eye Syndrome

“…One previous report demonstrated that carbomer-based lipid-containing gel (Liposic Gel) is effective for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. 14 Tear film has 3 layers: aqueous, mucin, and lipid. 4 Each has a different role in maintaining homeostasis of the ocular surface and tear film stability.…”

“…Data from symptoms, tBUT, ocular surface staining grades, and Schirmer I test without anesthesia values were combined to determine each dry eye level according to the Korean Corneal Disease Study Group guidelines approach. 14 Safety profile was assessed by patient reporting of adverse events. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and slitlamp examination of the anterior segment were determined at the baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment.…”

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of Dry Eye Disease: Historical Overview and Future Directions

“…In the report, they define DED as ''a disease of the ocular surface that is associated with tear film abnormalities.'' 18 They proposed diagnostic criteria involving one or more symptoms (either irritating or visual symptoms), plus at least one objective sign including either ocular surface staining or tear film instability.…”