Konzept des Dialogmarketing

Belz, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-9859-0_10

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Another important parameter in our analysis is the fluorescence yield (FY): the number of photons generated per ionizing particle per unit path length. FY measurements have been made by several groups [14,15,16,17]. For the energy spectrum determination used in this paper, we have used the spectral shape of Bunner [14] and the integral yield reported by Kakimoto et al [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression

Abbasi¹,

Abu‐Zayyad²,

Allen³

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. Lett.

657

417

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The High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment has observed the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin suppression (called the GZK cutoff) with a statistical significance of five standard deviations. HiRes' measurement of the flux of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays shows a sharp suppression at an energy of 6 x 10(19) eV, consistent with the expected cutoff energy. We observe the ankle of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum as well, at an energy of 4 x 10(18) eV. We describe the experiment, data collection, and analysis and estimate the systematic uncertainties. The results are presented and the calculation of the statistical significance of our observation is described.

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confidence: 99%

First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression

Abbasi¹,

Abu‐Zayyad²,

Allen³

et al. 2008

Phys. Rev. Lett.

657

417

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“…The intensity of fluorescence light emitted from an airshower is proportional to the total ionization energy deposited by the charged particles in the shower [14]. We use the average fluorescence yield of several groups [15][16][17] and the spectral distribution given by Ref. [18], along with the average dE/dX determined from CORSIKA simulations [19] to determine the number of charged particles in the shower as a function of slant depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Indications of Proton-Dominated Cosmic-Ray Composition above 1.6 EeV

Abbasi¹,

Abu‐Zayyad²,

Al-Seady³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. Lett.

253

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We report studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray composition via analysis of depth of air shower maximum (X(max)), for air shower events collected by the High-Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) observatory. The HiRes data are consistent with a constant elongation rate d/d[log(E)] of 47.9+/-6.0(stat)+/-3.2(syst) g/cm2/decade for energies between 1.6 and 63 EeV, and are consistent with a predominantly protonic composition of cosmic rays when interpreted via the QGSJET01 and QGSJET-II high-energy hadronic interaction models. These measurements constrain models in which the galactic-to-extragalactic transition is the cause of the energy spectrum ankle at 4x10(18) eV.

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“…The TA experiment uses the absolute fluorescence yield and spectrum which were measured with electron beam or isotopes in laboratories. [11][12] [13]. The atmospheric condition are measured by radiosndes, or we use U.S. atmospheric standard model.…”

Section: Measurement Of Uhecr With Fdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute energy calibration of FD by an electron linear accelerator for Telescope Array

Shibata¹,

Enomoto²,

Fukuda³

et al. 2011

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The primary energy of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays(UHECR) are measured with the number of fluorescence photons which are detected with fluorescence detectors(FD) in the Telescope Array experiment(TA). Howevery since there is large uncertinty as 19 % in the measurement of the energy scale, the most important theme is improvement of the energy calibration. The electron light source(ELS) is a small electron linear accelerator for new energy calibration. The ELS is located 100 m far from the FD station, and injects electron beam which is accelerated to 40 MeV energy into the sky. We can calibrate the FD energy scale by detection the air shower directly which is generated by the electron beam. The ELS was developed in KEK Japan, and moved to the TA site in March 2009. We started the beam operation in September 2010, in consequence we detected the air shower which was generated by electron beam in the air. The output kinetic energy of the electron beam was 41.1 MeV, we adjusted the output charge from 40 to 140 pC/pulse. We expect that we can improve the uncertinty of the energy scale to about 10 % with the ELS, futhermore ELS will be a very useful apparatus for R&D of future UHECR observation.

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Konzept des Dialogmarketing

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression

First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression

Indications of Proton-Dominated Cosmic-Ray Composition above 1.6 EeV

Absolute energy calibration of FD by an electron linear accelerator for Telescope Array

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