First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression

Abbasi, Rasha; Abu‐Zayyad, T.; Allen, M.; Amman, J. F.; Archbold, G.; Belov, K.; Belz, J. W.; Zvi, S. Y. Ben; Bergman, D. R.; Blake, S. A.; Brusova, O.; Burt, G. W.; Cannon, C.; Cao, Zhen; Connolly, B.; Deng, W.; Fedorova, Y.; Finley, C.; Gray, R.; Hanlon, W.; Hoffman, C. M.; Holzscheiter, M. H.; Hughes, G.; Hüntemeyer, P.; Jones, B. F.; Jui, C.; Kim, K.; Kirn, M.; Loh, E. C.; Maestas, M. M.; Manago, Naohiro; Marek, Lukáš; Martens, K.; Matthews, John; Matthews, J. N.; Moore, Sheva; O’Neill, A.; Painter, C. A.; Perera, L.; Reil, K.; Riehle, R.; Roberts, M.; Rodriguez, D.; Sasaki, Nobuya; Schnetzer, S.; Scott, L. M.; Sinnis, G.; Smith, J. D.; Sokolsky, P.; Song, C.; Springer, R. W.; Stokes, B. T.; Thomas, S. B.; Thomas, J. R.; Thomson, G. B.; Tupa, D.; Westerhoff, S.; Wiencke, L.; Zhang, X.; Zech, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.101101

Cited by 657 publications

(462 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the year 2005-2007 the HiRes Collaboration reported unequivocal evidence for a break of the cosmic-ray spectrum close and above to 5 × 10 19 eV [1]. This suppression was confirmed by the Auger Collaboration at a significant lower energy [2] in the range (2 - [6]; (B) there is a suppression in the energy spectrum above 2.6 × 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

About the Energy Interval beyond the Ankle Where the Cosmic Radiation Consists Only of Ultraheavy Nuclei from Zinc to the Actinides

Codino¹

2017

JAMP

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According to recent measurements the tendency of the chemical composition above the ankle is characterized by increasing fractions of intermediate and heavy nuclei and a dominance of light nuclei around the ankle. Calculation of the chemical composition in the range 3.5 × 10 18 -5 × 10 19 eV according to new principles explains both the rising tendency of the heavy component. The calculation is prolonged to the adjacent interval 5 × 10 19 -2.4 × 10 21 eV using the same theoretical background and some features of the observed cosmic-ray spectrum. It results that above the energy of 6.7 × 10 20 eV, where the flux is estimated to be 1.8 × 10−30 particles/m 2 s sr GeV, the cosmic radiation consists only of nuclei heavier than Zinc. Measurements of the spectrum of present and past experiments are compared with the calculations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

About the Energy Interval beyond the Ankle Where the Cosmic Radiation Consists Only of Ultraheavy Nuclei from Zinc to the Actinides

Codino¹

2017

JAMP

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“…19 eV is significantly suppressed according to expectations based on the UHECRs interaction of with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation [6]. For primary protons, the photo-pion production is responsible for the GZK effect, thus UHEνs are produced from decayed charged pions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Trigger Based on the Artificial Neural Network implemented in the Cyclone V FPGA for a Detection of Neutrino-Origin Showers in the Pierre Auger surface detector

Szadkowski

Pytel

2015

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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Abstract-Observations of ultra-high energy neutrinos became a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. Up to now, the Pierre Auger Observatory did not find any candidate on a neutrino event. This imposes competitive limits to the diffuse flux of ultra-high energy neutrinos in the EeV range and above.The prototype Front-End boards for Auger-Beyond-2015 with Cyclone R V E can test the neural network algorithm in real pampas conditions in 2015. Showers for muon and tau neutrino initiating particles on various altitudes, angles and energies were simulated in CORSIKA and OffLine platforms giving pattern of ADC traces in Auger water Cherenkov detectors. The 3-layer 12-10-1 neural network was taught in MATLAB by simulated ADC traces according the Levenberg -Marquardt algorithm. New sophisticated trigger implemented in Cyclone R V E FPGAs with large amount of DSP blocks, embedded memory running with 120 -160 MHz sampling may support to discover neutrino events in the Pierre Auger Observatory.

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“…the TeVscale (LHC). On the contrary, HiRes [152,153] and TA [148,149] show that the chemical composition is dominated by protons from 10 18 eV to 10 20 eV. But they use a different…”

Section: Jhep12(2014)089mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Majorana mass from exotic instantons

Addazi

Bianchi

2014

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We show how a Majorana mass for the neutron could result from nonperturbative quantum gravity effects peculiar to string theory. In particular, "exotic instantons" in un-oriented string compactifications with D-branes extending the (supersymmetric) standard model could indirectly produce an effective operator δm n t n + h.c.. In a specific model with an extra vector-like pair of 'quarks', acquiring a large mass proportional to the string mass scale (exponentially suppressed by a function of the string moduli fields), δm can turn out to be as low as 10 −24 -10 −25 eV.The induced neutron-antineutron oscillations could take place with a time scale τ nn > 10 8 s that could be tested by the next generation of experiments. On the other hand, proton decay and FCNC's are automatically strongly suppressed and are compatible with the current experimental limits.Depending on the number of brane intersections, the model may also lead to the generation of Majorana masses for R-handed neutrini. Our proposal could also suggest neutron-neutralino or neutron-axino oscillations, with implications in UCN, Dark Matter Direct Detection, UHECR and Neutron-Antineutron oscillations.This suggests to improve the limits on neutron-antineutron oscillations, as a possible test of string theory and quantum gravity.

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First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression

Cited by 657 publications

References 27 publications

About the Energy Interval beyond the Ankle Where the Cosmic Radiation Consists Only of Ultraheavy Nuclei from Zinc to the Actinides

About the Energy Interval beyond the Ankle Where the Cosmic Radiation Consists Only of Ultraheavy Nuclei from Zinc to the Actinides

Trigger Based on the Artificial Neural Network implemented in the Cyclone V FPGA for a Detection of Neutrino-Origin Showers in the Pierre Auger surface detector

Neutron Majorana mass from exotic instantons

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