“…What furthers intelligence and cognitive development also helps to develop student academic performance. For example, attendance of classes and schools with high ability classmates is positively related to students' cognitive performance and increase on literacy or similar tests (Ammermüller & Pischke, 2006;Bishop, 2004;Fertig, 2002;Hanushek, Kain, Markman & Rivkin, 2003;Tiedemann & Billmann-Mahecha, 2004) and IQ (Rindermann, 2007); and the education of both parents and upbringing in an intact family predict and seem to support cognitive performance (in schools, Dornbusch, Ritter, Leiderman, Roberts & Fraleigh, 1987; for TIMSS, Gonzales, 2000;for PISA 2000, Gaeth, 2005, Fertig, 2002for PISA 2003, Prenzel et al, 2004for IQ, Armor, 2003, Meisenberg, Lawless, Lambert & Newton, 2006.…”