Kolaviron and L-Ascorbic Acid Attenuate Chlorambucil-Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress in Rats

Abstract

Chlorambucil (4-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butanoic acid) is an alkylating agent, indicated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola, and L-ascorbic acid (AA) are known to protect against oxidative damage in vivo. This study evaluates the protective capacity of KV and AA on chlorambucil-induced oxidative stress in the testes of rat. Twenty male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were randomized into four groups: I: control, II: chlorambucil (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), III: 0.2 mg/kg chlorambucil and 100 mg/kg KV, and IV: 0.2 mg/kg chlorambucil and 100 mg/kg AA. After 14 days of treatments, results indicated that chlorambucil caused significant reduction (P < 0.05) in testicular vitamin C and glutathione by 32% and 39%, respectively, relative to control. Similarly, activities of testicular GST, SOD, and CAT reduced significantly by 48%, 47%, and 49%, respectively, in chlorambucil-treated rats relative to control. Testicular MDA and activities of ALP, LDH, and ACP were increased significantly by 53%, 51%, 64%, and 70%, respectively, in the chlorambucil-treated rat. However, cotreatment with KV and AA offered protection and restored the levels of vitamin C, GSH, and MDA as well as SOD, CAT, GST, ACP, ALP, and LDH activities. Overall, kolaviron and L-ascorbic acid protected against chlorambucil-induced damage in the testes of the rat.

Modulation in Airway Smooth Muscle Reactivity and Improvement in Lung Function of Cigarette Smokers and Passive Non-smokers Following Garcinia kola treatment

“…13,14 which have been shown to be effective smooth muscle relaxants, 12,18,22 potent antioxidant, [14][15][16]34 antiinflammatory and antigenotoxic agents believed to result from inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, a mechanism associated with chemoprevention against carcinogenic substances. 35 We have recently shown a considerable evidence linking kolaviron, a biflavanoid-complex of Garcinia kola seed to vascular smooth muscle relaxation in isolated rabbit aortic arterial rings following precontractions with agonists through receptor operated Ca 2+ channels (ROCCs) and voltage-operated Ca 2+ channels (VOCCs).…”

“…[12][13][14] The pharmacological properties and medicinal values of G. kola Heckel plant are widely reported and linked with various bioactive compounds including Garcinia-biflavonoids GB-1, GB-2 and kolaflavanone with high antioxidant and safety profile. 15 Previous studies have established the hepatoprotective, 16,17 gastroprotective, 18 hypolipidemic, hypoglycaemic 19 and anti-asthmatic 20 effects of G. kola on experimental animal models. It has also become increasingly apparent that G. kola inhibits smooth muscle activity.…”

Differential response of biochemical parameters to EMS and MMS treatments and their dose effect relationship on chromosomes in induced diabetic mouse

“…Salmon et al [45] and Friedberg et al [46] have showed that MMS cannot produce ROS directly, but induced the DNA damage causing an increase in intracellular ROS level in yeast cells. Cyclophosphamide treatment has shown decreased catalase activity in the liver and lung of mice [47] and with Chlorambucil in the rat liver [48]. When HL-60 cells were treated with alkylating agents such as melphalan and Chlorambucil an increase in intracellular peroxide was reported.…”

“…The MDA concentration was increased also in the skeletal muscles of rats intoxicated with diisopropylfluorophosphate [50]. Treatment with Chorambucil induced the lipid peroxidation in rat liver [48]. In mice, lipid peroxidation was increased in the liver and lung treated with Cyclophosphamide [47].…”

The ameliorative role of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil cytotoxicity in rat fertility

“…Each animal received (0.2 mg/kg/day) for body weight for fourteen days daily according to Olyinka et al (2014). Cranberry was purchased from EMA pharma found in capsule form that contains 270 mg of cranberry extraction.…”