Background: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite and antifolate drug. It is used in treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases. Material and methods: 210 healthy adult male Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus), were allotted among three groups. The animal were given daily (0.065mg/ml) of methotrexate intraperitonealy followed by injection of Omega-3 plus at dose (8.58 mg/20g mice), Apple at dose (1.43 mg/20 g mice) and Psyllium at dose (18.2mg /20 g mice) for five days. Results: Various Structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells; mitotic activity and sperm head abnormality were recorded, quantitated, and statistically analyzed. Also DNA extraction and apoptosis detection in liver was done. The intensity of apoptotic bands located at 200 b p; 400b p ; 600 b p;800 b p and intact DNA measured by software Gel Pro program as maximum optical density values. Conclusion:, Methotrexate had adverse effect on chromosomal and sperm head structure, also it induce apoptosis, necrosis and decrease total DNA in mice liver.Omega-3 plus, Apple, and Psyllium attenuate the methotrexate-related toxic effects.

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The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of cranberry extracts and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil (CHB) effect on rats' fertility. Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into eight equal groups as the following; normal control, rats injected orally with 0.2 mg/kg of CHB for 14 days, rats injected orally with 100 mg/kg of cranberry extract (CB) for ten days, rats intravenously injected with bone marrow cells (BMC) through tail vain, rats protected with both CB and BMC, rats treated with CHB+CB, rats treated with CHB+BMC and rats treated with CHB+BMC+CB. Genotoxicity were evaluated by counting and comparing the value of sperm abnormalities and normal sperm count. Results show that rats injected with CHB had remarkable increase in sperm head abnormalities as without hook, banana shape and hummer shape. Admission of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells after chemotherapy improved the frequency of the sperm abnormalities.

Bone marrow [BM] have self-renovationcapacity and have been used recently in tumor medicine.Chlorambucil[CHB] is ordinarily utilized chemotherapy to treat varietiesof malignancy patients. This investigation intended to gauge the effectiveness of BM as an invivoantimutagenicagainst CHB.The experimental design relies upon four classes, each class contains ten adult male albino rats as follows: control, rats infused orally with CHB for fourteen days, rats intravenously infused with BM through a tail vein one time, rats infused the mix of CHB and BM. The Anticancer capability of BM was assessed by cytogenetic assay and mitotic index. The declarations of the apoptosis-related genes were examined by RT-qPCR examination. The present study demonstrated a curative effect of BM against thecytotoxic impact of CHB. Infusion of BM after chemotherapy help to diminish the chromosomal aberration, increment mitotic index and decline the Bax/Bcl2 proportion compared with[CHB] class gather that prompts expanding the survival rate of influenced cells with chemotherapy cytotoxicity.

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Sofosbuvir (S) (sovaldi) is a nucleotide analog, which is a highly active NS5B polymerase inhibitor in HCV. Sovaldi has shown high efficacy against HCV in combination with and without PEG-INF, among other medications. Ribavirin (R) is an antiviral drug which is non-selective, antihepatitis. Ribavirin has only been used in combination for treating chronic HCV infection. Silymarin (SL) is a natural antioxidant derived from the seeds and fruits of the Silybum marianum plant(Milk thistle). It's known for its impact on hepatoprotection. The goal of this study is to determine the protective effect of silymarin on the chromosome and sperm as a natural product against the side effects of sofosbuvir and ribavirin as an antiviral drug. Intraperitoneally (i.p.), male albino mice (weight 25-30 g) were injected with Sofosbuvir at a dose level of 50 mg / kg / day, ribavirin at a dose level of 20, mg / kg / day, and Silymarin at a dose level of 70 mg / kg / day injections for five consecutive days, by various means. Mice were slaughtered 24 hours later. Chromosomal abnormalities and morphology of the sperm head were studied using classical cytogenetic methods. Tests showed that Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin caused abnormalities in the structural chromosomal aberration and sperm head. Although silymarin induces reduction in all injected forms of these abnormalities.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prev ention (CDC) has classified CRPA as an organism that leads to a serious consequences [3]. Carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa has been demonstrated

A technique using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for detection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) polyhedrin gene. 152 nucleotide sequences of polyhedrin gene were compared in pairwise and multiple alignment sequences. Eleven highly conserved DNA sequences within the coding region of the polyhedrin gene were identified. Two candidate regions were targeted for amplification and consequently one pair of degenerate PCR primers was designed to produce fragments of about 355 bp. The NPVs tested by this technique were Autographa californica (AcMNPV), Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV), Hyphantria cunea NPV (HcNPV), Lymantria dispar NPV (LdNPV), Spodoptera exigua NPV (SeNPV), S. litura NPV (SlNPV), Spodoptera littoralis NPV (SpliNPV) and nine local NPV isolates. Furthermore, three randomly chosen PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The sequencing data showed that the three PCR products were fragments of polyhedrin gene. Conclusively, this technique would be useful in monitoring the environmental fate, distribution of NPVs, release of the wild type and recombinant NPVs and quality control studies of baculoviral insecticides as well.