Koi herpesvirus represents a third cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-3) in the family Herpesviridae

Waltzek, Thomas B.; Kelley, Garry O.; Stone, David M.; Way, K.; Hanson, Larry A.; Fukuda, Hideo; Hirono, Ikuo; Aoki, Takashi; Davison, Andrew J.; Hedrick, Ronald P.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.80982-0

Cited by 187 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although mortalities can be evoked in carp fry (Sano et al 1991), in general the effect of the disease on its host is limited and is primarily a problem in the cultivation of ornamental carp because of the focal epidermal hyperplasia. On the other hand, koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) is a recently emerging and lethal disease of koi and common carp, with cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) as the causative agent (Waltzek et al 2005(Waltzek et al , 2009. Since the first description of KHVD by Hedrick et al (1999), the virus has rapidly emerged at a global scale (Haenen et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of novel strains of cyprinid herpesvirus closely related to koi herpesvirus

Engelsma

Way²,

Dodge³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) or koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a devastating virus of carp. Using generic primers for the DNA polymerase and the major capsid protein genes of cyprinid herpesviruses, nucleotide sequences divergent from previously described CyHV-3 were obtained. At least 3 novel groups of putative CyHV-3-like viruses were identified, sharing 95 to 98% nucleotide identity with CyHV-3 strains. Carp carrying the CyHV-3 variants did not show clinical signs consistent with CyHV-3 infection and originated from locations with no actual CyHV-3 outbreaks. These strains might represent low-or non-pathogenic variants of CyHV-3.KEY WORDS: Carp · Alloherpesviridae · Phylogeny · CyHV-3 · Variant strains Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 107: [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] 2013 third member of the genus Cyprinivirus, the haema topoietic necrosis herpes virus of goldfish or cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), which specifically infects goldfish Carassius auratus (Jung & Miyazaki 1995, Davison et al. 2013.The complete genome sequences of 3 CyHV-3 isolates (KHV-U, KHV-I and TUMST1) originating from different geographical locations show only limited differences among each other (Aoki et al. 2007) and share more than 99% DNA sequence identity over the complete genomes (Avarre et al. 2011). Recent papers have described some degree of genetic variability between CyHV-3 isolates based upon nucleotide polymorphisms in specific regions of the genome and variation in the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs; Bigarré et al. 2009, Kurita et al. 2009, Avarre et al. 2011. In general, the variability between CyHV-3 strains, particularly in the welldefined open reading frames, is limited, whereas the VNTRs could prove to be valuable markers for epidemiological studies aimed at identifying the source of disease outbreaks.In the present study, novel CyHV DNA sequences were detected in carp and koi tissues by application of generic PCR primers capable of detecting a wide range of cyprinid herpesviruses. The CyHV sequences suggest that infections have occurred with viruses closely related to CyHV-3 but yet genetically distinguishable. A preliminary molecular characterisation of the novel cyprinid herpesviruses was carried out, and the sequences were compared with other herpesviruses from fish. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe material used in this study was taken as part of a surveillance programme or routine diagnostic testing of diseased carp and koi in the UK, Austria, Italy and the Netherlands from 2006 to 2012. Gill and kidney tissues were sampled from common carp/koi carp and stored in absolute ethanol. Total DNA was extracted from approximately 20 mg of tissue using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen) or 50 µl of a clarified 10% tissue homogenate prepared for virus culture using the QIAamp virus mini Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer's protocol. The DNA was eluted in a 50 and a 60 µl volume, respectively. Purified DNA samples were stored at −20°C until...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of novel strains of cyprinid herpesvirus closely related to koi herpesvirus

Engelsma

Way²,

Dodge³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…All PCR methods that have been developed to date to detect cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3, Waltzek et al 2005), commonly known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), are highly sensitive and specific for the virus (Gilad et al 2002, Gray et al 2002, Bercovier et al 2005, Yuasa et al 2005. Given the relative resilience of DNA to degradation, PCR assays of KHV DNA extracted from viral capsids are generally successful, even when using tissues that have started to decompose (authors' unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of mRNA-specific RT-PCR for the detection of koi herpesvirus (KHV) replication stage

Yuasa¹,

Kurita²,

Kawana³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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An mRNA-specific reverse transcription (RT)-PCR primer set spanning the exon junction of a spliced putative terminase gene in the koi herpesvirus (KHV) was developed to detect the replicating stage of the virus. The proposed RT-PCR amplified a target gene from the RNA template, but not from a DNA template extracted from common carp brain (CCB) cells infected with KHV. In addition, the RT-PCR did not amplify the target gene of templates extracted from specific cell lines infected with either CyHV-1 or CyHV-2. RT-PCR detected mRNA from the scales of koi experimentally infected with KHV at 24 h post exposure (hpe). However, unlike conventional PCR, RT-PCR could not detect KHV DNA in fish at 0 hpe. The results indicate that the RT-PCR developed in this study is mRNA-specific and that the assay can detect the replicating stage of KHV from both fish and cultured cells infected with the virus.

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“…Recent work has shown that two structural genes contributing to capsid architecture in other known herpesviruses are conserved in KHV, and two other genes encoding proteins involved in DNA replication are closely related to those seen in other cyprinid herpesviruses (CyHV-1 and CyHV-2) (Waltzek et al, 2005). Interestingly, since the worldwide emergence of KHV, several other viruses FIGURE 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Koi Herpesvirus Associated with a Mortality Event of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio in New York State, USA

Grimmett

Warg

Getchell

et al. 2006

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Koi herpesvirus represents a third cyprinid herpesvirus (CyHV-3) in the family Herpesviridae

Cited by 187 publications

References 20 publications

Detection of novel strains of cyprinid herpesvirus closely related to koi herpesvirus

Detection of novel strains of cyprinid herpesvirus closely related to koi herpesvirus

Development of mRNA-specific RT-PCR for the detection of koi herpesvirus (KHV) replication stage

An Unusual Koi Herpesvirus Associated with a Mortality Event of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio in New York State, USA

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