KOH/bentonite catalysts for transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel

Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi; Ayucitra, Aning; Ismadji, Suryadi; Maukar, Anastasia Lidya

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2010.12.018

Cited by 145 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…KOH impregnated sepiolite samples were prepared via the wet impregnation method with the water absorption by the clay matching the available void space of the pores in sepiolite particles [16]. In a typical preparation, 8 g of sepiolite was placed into a 250 mL round bottom flask.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic performance of microporous materials for the production of renewable fuels

et al. 2018

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ETS-10, zeolite A and sepiolite based nano-structured materials were prepared and modified with potassium containing compounds using ion-exchange or impregnation and evaluated as basic catalysts for transesterification of vegetable oils using microwave heating. The structural features of these catalysts were characterised in detail by the variable temperature in situ X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and in situ FTIR spectroscopy using adsorption-desorption of acetylene as a basic probe in order to evaluate their structure-catalytic performance relationship in the methanolysis of triglycerides. A wide range of parameters were utilised in order to optimise the reaction conditions. Although a high yield of fatty acid methyl esters with almost 100% selectivity can be achieved in transesterification reactions in the presence of K-containing sepiolite, this system shows significant deactivation due to its structural degradation and loss of the active component during the reaction and regeneration cycles. In contrast, zeolite KA and ETS-10, which are thermally stable crystalline materials, demonstrated no decrease in their activity for up to four reaction runs, and therefore can be used as effective solid basic catalysts in this reaction. Here we explore for the first time how the thermal and structural stability of the supported clay can affect its activity, an essential issue which has not been sufficiently studied in the recent research related to the biofuel production over solid catalysts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…layered double hydroxides, sepiolite and zeolites, as solid catalysts in transesterification of oils [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The reported yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained after several hours at 60-90 °C would typically exceed 90%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic performance of microporous materials for the production of renewable fuels

et al. 2018

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“…The use of clay as the heterogeneous catalyst has been more promising because of its positive effect including the ease of separation process between the product and the catalyst, easy to regenerate, more efficient, cheap and environmental friendly [2][3][4][5] . The use of heterogeneous solid catalyst from modified clay has been proven to be used in biodiesel production through transesterification process 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For impregnation process, weight catalyst-used on transesterification process is as much as 3% with temperature 60 o C, oil/methanol ratio 1:6, and the process takes three hours, 90,7% of biodiesel yield 3 . This was also found for transesterification palm oil using KOH/Al 2 O 3 and KOH/NaY catalyst 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kalium Hydroxide/Zirconia Pillared Bentonite for Palm Oil Transesterification

Utubira¹,

Wijaya²,

Triyono³

et al. 2018

Orient. J. Chem

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The aim of this study is to produce biodiesel from palm oil using heterogeneous catalyst i.e. KOH/ZrO 2 -Bentonite. The catalyst was prepared through KOH impregnation on ZrO 2 -Bentonite with a ratio between KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite was 20-30 wt%. Afterwards, it was followed by the heating process using microwave radiation 700 W for 10 minutes Based on the result of the characterization using XRD, Gas Sorption Analyzer, FTIR and SEM-EDX, the best performance for the ratio of KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite of the process was on 25 wt%. The catalytic activity test on palm oil transesterification resulted methyl ester as much as 81% on the reaction condition of 65 o C for three hours. In addition, the amount of catalyst-used was as much as 3% of the oil weight. The result of ASTM test showed that the methyl ester product from palm oil fulfills the National Test Standard for Diesel Oil referring to SNI 04-7182-2006.

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“…One of the promising material for catalysis purpose is bentonite clay. 21 It has been widely used as a catalyst for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline 22 , transesterification in biodiesel production 23 , cyclohexene epoxidation 24 and partial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene 25 . In this work, we prepared Ca@Al-Bentonite, a new kind of modified bentonite, for chalcone production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%