Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata: Gaps, Reverse Gaps, and Gaps of Disaffection

Fredin, Eric S.; Monnett, Teresa Haugen; Kosicki, Gerald M.

doi:10.1177/107769909407100117

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…16. Although lower than desirable, the reliabilities are similar to figures reported elsewhere (Fredin, Monnett, and Kosicki 1994;Griffin et al 2002).…”

Section: Notessupporting

confidence: 85%

Seeking and Processing Information about Impersonal Risk

Kahlor

Dunwoody

Griffin

et al. 2006

Science Communication

186

212

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Attempts to model risk response tend to focus on risks that pose a direct personal threat. This study examined the applicability of one risk response model to impersonal risks-risks that threaten something other than the self, in this case, the environment. This study utilized a section of the Griffin et al. riskinformation seeking and processing model, which depicts relationships between informational subjective norms and information seeking and processing as being mediated by perceptions of information insufficiency. The results indicate that while those relationships do hold for impersonal risk, informational subjective norms (perceived social pressure to be informed) may play an even more complex role than initially anticipated. These norms may be a powerful predictor of seeking and processing when individuals face impersonal risks.

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“…16. Although lower than desirable, the reliabilities are similar to figures reported elsewhere (Fredin, Monnett, and Kosicki 1994;Griffin et al 2002).…”

Section: Notessupporting

confidence: 85%

Seeking and Processing Information about Impersonal Risk

Kahlor

Dunwoody

Griffin

et al. 2006

Science Communication

186

212

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show abstract

“…See Appendix for exact wording. Although lower than desirable, the reliabilities are similar to figures (alpha = .69) reported elsewhere (Fredin et al, 1994).…”

Section: Channel Beliefssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Beliefs about channels of risk information, including their trustworthiness and usefulness, have the potential to influence the information seeking and processing strategies people employ. Focus groups and a review of the literature on media belief schemas (Fredin & Kosicki, 1989;Fredin, Kosicki, & Becker, 1996;Fredin, Monnett, & Kosicki, 1994;Fredin & Tabaczynski, 1993;Kosicki, Becker, & Fredin, 1994;Kosicki & McLeod, 1990) generated six specific beliefs about the general functioning of the mass media thought to be related to processing strategies (see Appendix). Respondents were asked the extent to which they agreed or disagreed (5-point Likert scales) with each belief, and factor analysis was used to create two composite indices for inclusion in subsequent analysis.…”

Section: Channel Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the Heuristic-Systematic Model and Depth of Processing

Griffin¹,

Neuwirth²,

Giese³

et al. 2002

Communication Research

208

166

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This study draws a nexus between heuristic-systematic information processing and the theory of planned behavior through a model of risk information seeking and processing. The model proposes that the form of information processing individuals apply to risk information from the media and other sources affects beliefs, evaluations, and attitudes considered important to making judgments about performing risk-reducing behaviors. This study found that deeper, more systematic processing of risk information is positively related to evaluation strength, attitude strength, and the number of strongly held behavioral beliefs actively considered by respondents when thinking about environmental hazards. The relationships were consistent, appearing across two communities and three risks (two health risks and one ecological risk), and held up under multiple statistical controls.Risk communication campaigns usually are designed to encourage persons to develop changes in risk-related behaviors. In pursuit of this goal, researchers typically employ risk information (e.g., a message) as an independent variable and evaluate the effect of the stimulus on individuals' attitudes and behavior. Inherent in this approach is the assumption that information does something to individuals. If one can illuminate that causal process, goes the argument, one can then design message interventions that will cause people to buckle their seatbelts, recycle, or adopt low-fat diets. However, this topdown, sender-oriented approach runs counter to suggestions by many risk perception researchers that risk communication scholars should consider receiver-oriented, bottom-up approaches (see e.g.,

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“…The study of citizens' political knowledge acquisition from the news media well typifies such a theoretical and methodological orientation. With major exceptions of the Minnesota group's work on the knowledge gap hypothesis (Tichenor, Donohue, & Olien, 1970) and Gandy's (1982) effort to integrate political economy with media effects research, few studies on political learning have gone beyond investigating the impacts of individual‐focused factors such as socioeconomic status (Fredin, Monnett, & Kosicki, 1994), news media use (Chaffee, Zhao, & Leshner, 1994; Chaffee & Martinelli, 1995; Eveland & Scheufele, 2000; Weaver & Drew, 1995, 2001), cognitive elaboration (Eveland, 2001, 2002), and learning motivation (Ettema & Kline, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economic Theory of Political Communication Effects: How the Economy Conditions Political Learning

Shen

2009

Communication Theory

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Politics and economics are inextricably linked. This article argues that the economy has been an underdeveloped contextual variable capable of coordinating the process and consequences of political communication. A theoretical model connecting microindividual outcomes to macrosocial functioning is proposed to capture the dynamic ecology of citizens' political involvement. In particular, the economic environment is theorized to impact voters' news media use and political learning through a series of mechanisms. It is maintained that the study of political communication benefits from considering macroeconomic variables, which brings more explanatory power to models of political communication effects, tests the economic rationality of the electorate in response to variegated social settings, and builds a political communication effects theory that addresses both micro-and macrofactors.

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Knowledge Gaps, Social Locators, and Media Schemata: Gaps, Reverse Gaps, and Gaps of Disaffection

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Seeking and Processing Information about Impersonal Risk

Seeking and Processing Information about Impersonal Risk

Linking the Heuristic-Systematic Model and Depth of Processing

An Economic Theory of Political Communication Effects: How the Economy Conditions Political Learning

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