Knowledge-augmented face perception: Prospects for the Bayesian brain-framework to align AI and human vision

Maier, Martin E.; Blume, Florian; Bideau, Pia; Hellwich, Olaf; Rahman, Rasha Abdel

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2022.103301

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Why does the emotion of the target face change alongside the emotional valence of the surrounding stimuli? It seems that Bayesian perception could partly explain this context-sensitive perception: probabilistic perceptual inference integrating prior experience and knowledge through top-down influences ( Balas, 2013 ; Maier et al, 2022 ). For example, the possibility of pencils appearing in the kitchen is very small but much higher in the classroom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The background assimilation effect: Facial emotional perception is affected by surrounding stimuli

Wu,

Ying

2023

i-Perception

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The perception of facial emotion is not only determined by the physical features of the face itself but also be influenced by the emotional information of the background or surrounding information. However, the details of such effect are not fully understood. Here, the authors tested the perceived emotion of a target face surrounded by stimuli with different levels of emotional valence. In Experiment 1, four types of objects were divided into three groups (negative, unpleasant flowers and unpleasant animals; mildly negative (neutral), houses; positive, pleasant flowers). In Experiment 2, three groups of surrounding faces with different social–emotional valence (negative, neutral, and positive) were formed with the memory of affective personal knowledge. The data from two experiments showed that the perception of facial emotion can be influenced and modulated by the emotional valence of the surrounding stimuli, which can be explained by assimilation: the positive stimuli increased the valence of a target face, while the negative stimuli comparatively decreased it. Furthermore, the neutral stimuli also increased the valence of the target, which could be explained by the social positive effect. Therefore, the process of assimilation is likely to be a high-level emotional cognition rather than a low-level visual perception. The results of this study may help us better understand face perception in realistic scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The background assimilation effect: Facial emotional perception is affected by surrounding stimuli

Wu,

Ying

2023

i-Perception

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“…The extendedmind hypothesis posits that objects in the environment act as extensions of the mind and that environment and mind constitute a "coupled" cognitive system (Clark & Chalmers, 1998). Robotics, in its goal to synthesize intelligent behavior in artificial agents, has had to deal explicitly with the embedding of cognition in a specific body and environment (Maier et al, 2022;Pfeifer & Bongard, 2006), paying close attention to the intricate feedbacks between perception and action (Rolfs et al, 2013). Relational theories of cognition argue that cognition results from the dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment, including its social or institutional surroundings (Gallagher, 2013).…”

Section: Cognition In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding Cognition: Judgment and Choice in an Interdependent and Dynamic World

Constantino

Schlüter

2023

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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Society is facing pressing interrelated, multilevel, and systemic challenges. Human consumption patterns are driving biodiversity loss and climate change, with unevenly distributed impacts that exacerbate preexisting inequalities. Structural or systems-level solutions to these challenges depend on group- and individual-level change, and vice versa. Although cognitive psychology has advanced our understanding of individual and group-level decision-making, it rarely links these microlevel processes and behaviors to network- and systems-level structures, resulting in a fragmented theory of how individual and collective action can drive broader social change. For example, psychology has established that physical, social, and historical contexts shape perception, reasoning, and decision-making but has largely ignored the dynamic and interdependent relationship between behavior and contexts. In this review, we urge researchers to move beyond a focus on static contexts and individual and group-level cognition to incorporate deeper theorizing about the temporal dynamics and feedbacks between individuals and the broader contexts in which they are embedded. We review literature emphasizing the role of context in shaping psychological processes as well as emerging research that considers individuals as embedded in complex adaptive systems. Complex adaptive systems frameworks are well suited to study the dynamic and interdependent relationship among individuals and the broader systems and structures they inhabit. The integration of research in psychology with these perspectives may thus offer traction in identifying solution pathways to complex, multilevel challenges by pointing to theories and methods that integrate across levels of analysis and account for coupled nature-society systems.

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“…Previous research has demonstrated that in addition to the visual information itself, context plays a crucial role in face perception (for a review, see Wieser & Brosch, 2012). What we know about a person’s character and past actions can affect not only how we judge them and react to them in social situations but also how we see their face (for a review, see Maier et al, 2022). This influence of social-emotional information on face perception is reflected, for instance, in modulations of ratings of attractiveness, facial features, or emotional expressions (Hassin & Trope, 2000; Nisbett & Wilson, 1977; Paunonen, 2006; Suess et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distrust Before First Sight? Examining Knowledge- and Appearance-Based Effects of Trustworthiness on the Visual Consciousness of Faces

Eiserbeck

Enge

Rabovsky

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Not all visual stimuli processed by the brain reach the level of conscious perception. Previous research has shown that the emotional value of a stimulus is one of the factors that can affect whether it is consciously perceived. Here, we investigated whether social-affective knowledge influences a face's chance to reach visual consciousness. Furthermore, we took into account the impact of facial appearance. Faces differing in facial trustworthiness (i.e., being perceived as more or less trustworthy based on appearance) were associated with neutral or negative socially relevant information. Subsequently, an attentional blink task was administered to examine whether the manipulated factors affect the faces' chance to reach visual consciousness under conditions of reduced attentional resources. Participants showed enhanced detection of faces associated with negative as compared to neutral social information. In event-related potentials (ERPs), this was accompanied by effects in the time range of the early posterior negativity (EPN) component. These findings indicate that social-affective person knowledge is processed already before or during attentional selection and can affect which faces are prioritized for access to visual consciousness. In contrast, no clear evidence for an impact of facial trustworthiness during the attentional blink was found. This study was pre-registered using the Open Science Framework (OSF).

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Knowledge-augmented face perception: Prospects for the Bayesian brain-framework to align AI and human vision

Cited by 10 publications

References 137 publications

The background assimilation effect: Facial emotional perception is affected by surrounding stimuli

The background assimilation effect: Facial emotional perception is affected by surrounding stimuli

Embedding Cognition: Judgment and Choice in an Interdependent and Dynamic World

Distrust Before First Sight? Examining Knowledge- and Appearance-Based Effects of Trustworthiness on the Visual Consciousness of Faces

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