Knowledge, attitude and practices of lifestyle modification and associated factors among hypertensive patients on-treatment follow up at Yekatit 12 General Hospital in the largest city of East Africa: A prospective cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Hypertension is a devastating global public health challenge; studies indicated that Ethiopia has been affected by the burden of hypertension especially in urban areas. The overall prevalence of hypertension in Ethiopia was estimated to be 19.6% (23.5% in urban and 14.7% in rural population). Along with medical management of hypertension, appropriate lifestyle modification is a crucial and inexpensive means of hypertension control. The main purpose of the study was therefore to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of lifestyle modification among patients on follow up for hypertension treatment at Yekatit 12 General Hospital. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study design was applied in Yekatit 12 General Hospital from October 28, 2018, to February 28, 2019, by allotting proportionate samples from the two chronic outpatients departments (OPD). Using single proportion sampling techniques, the study participants were selected and the total sample size calculated was 405. Primarily, clinical measurements were made according to the international standard set to verify true hypertensive patient’s inclusions. Then, data about socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle modification related to knowledge, attitude and practices were comprehensively collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into Epi-data exported to SPSS Window version of 22 for analysis. All variables with ρ-value less than 0.05 in the final model were considered as independently associated with knowledge, attitude and practices of patients’ lifestyle modification. The strength of association was described by Odds Ratio (OR) at the corresponding CI of 95%. Results The overall sampled hypertensive patients as compared to the planned sample size was 95.5% (n = 387), out of which 53.5% (n = 207) was male patients. The mean age was 50 years with a standard deviation of 14.4. The study revealed that 67.7% [95% CI (65.32%, 70.08%)] were knowledgeable; and 54.0% [95% CI (51.34%, 56.6%)] were reported to have favorable attitude towards lifestyle modification. Regarding their practices, 38% [95% CI (19.91%, 57.49%] of the respondents had good practices. Their monthly income [AOR = 2.39, 95% CI (1.12, 5.11)] and duration on-treatment follow up since diagnosed with hypertension [AOR = 4.39, 95% CI (1.20, 16.03)] were independently associated with knowledge. Concerning their damned practices, age [AOR = 7.71, 95% CI (2.4, 24.8)] and knowledge [AOR = 3.94, 95% CI (2.01, 7.72)] were independently associated with the practices. Conclusion Though the encouraging high knowledge status and favourable attitudes towards lifestyle modification among hypertensive patients, the practices are among the lowest findings report in all standards. Hence, older patients, jobless patients, and low-income patients and patients on long-term treatment follow up who were diagnosed with hypertension before 10 years needs special attention and interventions by the country NCDs policy formulators to rise their non-pharmacological practices to control high blood pressure and its consequences.

Knowledge of Physical Activity With Blood Pressure Distribution and Demographic Characteristics Among Secondary School Adolescents in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

“…There is a high probability of increased interaction of the respondents with students of the tertiary institutions, thereby increasing their knowledge of the subject matter. The findings are in line with the study by Kebede, Taddese, Girma (2022), andPapathanasiou, et al (2020) who in their different studies reported no significant difference in knowledge of physical activity on blood pressure distribution by class of the students.…”

“…The findings from the present study showed a high level of good knowledge of the effect of physical activity on blood pressure among respondents. The findings were in agreement with the study of Kebede and Taddese, Girma (2022) who reported that almost half of the study participants had a favourable knowledge regarding blood pressure distribution among adolescents, but it is only around one-third of the participants had good practices. The current study findings also agree with the study conducted in Nigeria which reported 60% knowledge of blood pressure distribution among adolescents (Osuala, Oluwatosin, Kadiri 2014).…”

“…The findings from the present study were not surprising thus, it supports the study by Those who are in the age range of 18-30 years and 31-45 years were reported good knowledge of blood pressure distribution among individuals studied (Zungu and Djumbe, 2013). The age knowledge level of blood pressure distribution in the present study higher compared to the study by Kebede, Taddese, Girma (2022).…”

Comprehensive effects of lifestyle reform, adherence, and related factors on hypertension control: A review

“…Although the prevalence of hypertension is higher in economically developed countries than in economically developing countries (37% and 23%, respectively, in adults), about two‐thirds of the total affected population currently lives in developing regions 33 . Overall, low‐ and middle‐income nations account for more than 80% of the disease burden associated with hypertension 26,34 . In high‐income countries, older age groups (60 years and older) bore most of the burden compared to low‐ and middle‐income countries, middle‐age groups (40–59 years) 35 .…”

Association Between Obesity and Lifestyle Practices Among Adults in a Rural Community in Edo State Nigeria

“…Obesity increases the risk of non-communicable diseases like hypertension and diabetes as well as worsens the prognosis of these diseases where they are present (Akinkugbe, 1997;Ojeogwu & Husin, 2020). Noncommunicable diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) like Nigeria bearing the brunt of the burden (Kebede, 2022). About 25% of the global population and 15% of Africans currently have hypertension which is set to increase if not checked (Angelo 2020).…”