Knowledge, attitude, and practice on antibiotics use among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study in Niger state, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Nigeria and the world, and healthcare workers contributed to the upsurge of antibiotic resistance in hospital settings. This study focused on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of antibiotic use and the frequency of prescriptions of antibiotics from the list of WHO Model Essentials Antibiotics (AWaRe) (in the last 6 months) among healthcare workers and established the determining factors in six hospitals in Niger state, Nigeria. Methodology A KAP survey was conducted in Niger State, Nigeria, from March to June 2022. A structured self-administered, pretested questionnaire was distributed to six hospitals in the state following a stratified random sampling considering the staff capacity, the population of the city, and patients’ patronage. Results A total of 350 questionnaires distributed, and 313 (89.4%) completed and returned from the six hospitals. The median scores were knowledge (75%), attitude (69%), practice (62%), and self-reported prescription (70%), and respondents with good scores were knowledge [195 (62.3%)], attitude [185 (59.1%)], practice [201 (64.2%)], and prescription [117 (37.4%)]. In multivariate analysis, older respondents are more likely to have a good prescription ( p = 0.006), and prior antimicrobial training improved their knowledge ( p < 0.001), attitude ( p = 0.007), and prescription pattern ( p = 0.009). All the study participants had prescribed one or more of the most prescribed antibiotics; Amoxicillin clavulanate (Access group, 96.5%), Amoxicillin (Access group, 95.9%), and Metronidazole (Access group, 95.7%). Conclusions The study suggests that antibiotic education for healthcare workers and antimicrobial stewardship programs are significant interventions to mitigate antibiotic overuse in the state.

Prevalence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…This systematic review and meta-analysis included 39 (Thriemer et al, 2013;Abera et al, 2014;Pereko et al, 2015;Simba et al, 2016;Asante et al, 2017;Farley, 2017;Genga et al, 2017;Tafa et al, 2017;El Sherbiny et al, 2018;Seid and Hussein, 2018;Mate et al, 2019;Sunusi et al, 2019;Fetensa et al, 2020;Gemeda et al, 2020;Kabba et al, 2020;Mengesha et al, 2020;Nisabwe et al, 2020;Sindato et al, 2020;Wesangula et al, 2020;Zulu et al, 2020;Aworh et al, 2021;Babatola et al, 2021;Chukwu et al, 2021;Gebeyehu et al, 2021;Geta and Kibret, 2021;Mostafa et al, 2021;Ogoina et al, 2021;Russom et al, 2021;Adegbite et al, 2022;Belachew et al, 2022;Dejene et al, 2022;Kanyike et al, 2022;Mudenda et al, 2022;Paye and McClain, 2022;Tembo et al, 2022;Abubakar and Sárváry, 2023;Davwar et al, 2023;Maarouf et al, 2023;Otieku et al, 2023) published studies involving 18,769 study subjects. The review included primary studies with a remarkably varied sample size, ranging from just 47 (Adegbite et al, 2022) to 2,477…”

“…Of the included studies, 33 were cross-sectional (Thriemer et al, 2013;Abera et al, 2014;Pereko et al, 2015;Simba et al, 2016;Asante et al, 2017;Farley, 2017;Genga et al, 2017;Tafa et al, 2017;El Sherbiny et al, 2018;Seid and Hussein, 2018;Mate et al, 2019;Fetensa et al, 2020;Gemeda et al, 2020;Mengesha et al, 2020;Nisabwe et al, 2020;Sindato et al, 2020;Zulu et al, 2020;Aworh et al, 2021;Babatola et al, 2021;Chukwu et al, 2021;Gebeyehu et al, 2021;Geta and Kibret, 2021;Mostafa et al, 2021; FIGURE 1 PRISMA flow diagram explaining selection of primary studies in Africa. 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345145 Frontiers in Microbiology 05 frontiersin.org Ogoina et al, 2021;Russom et al, 2021;Adegbite et al, 2022;Dejene et al, 2022;Kanyike et al, 2022;Mudenda et al, 2022;Paye and McClain, 2022;Abubakar and Sárváry, 2023;Davwar et al, 2023;Maarouf et al, 2023), while six studies followed a cohort study design (Sunusi et al, 2019;Kabba et al, 2020;Wesangula et al, 2020;Belachew et al, 2022;Tembo et al, 2022;O...…”

“…10.3389/fmicb.2024.1345145 Frontiers in Microbiology 05 frontiersin.org Ogoina et al, 2021;Russom et al, 2021;Adegbite et al, 2022;Dejene et al, 2022;Kanyike et al, 2022;Mudenda et al, 2022;Paye and McClain, 2022;Abubakar and Sárváry, 2023;Davwar et al, 2023;Maarouf et al, 2023), while six studies followed a cohort study design (Sunusi et al, 2019;Kabba et al, 2020;Wesangula et al, 2020;Belachew et al, 2022;Tembo et al, 2022;Otieku et al, 2023). The study participants for the primary studies were selected by the author from various groups including health workers (Abera et al, 2014;Asante et al, 2017;Genga et al, 2017;Tafa et al, 2017;Kabba et al, 2020;Babatola et al, 2021;Chukwu et al, 2021;Ogoina et al, 2021;Adegbite et al, 2022;Kanyike et al, 2022;Mudenda et al, 2022;Paye and McClain, 2022;Tembo et al, 2022;Abubakar and Sárváry, 2023;Davwar et al, 2023), patients (Farley, 2017;El Sherbiny et al, 2018;Geta and Kibret, 2021;Otieku et al, 2023), Tertiary school students (Thriemer et al, 2013;Seid and Hussein, 2018;Sunusi et al, 2019;Fetensa et al, 2020;Nisabwe et al, 2020;…”