Knowledge, attitude &amp; practices (KAPs) regarding rabies endemicity among the community members, Pakistan

Khan, Aamir Z.; Ayaz, Rimsha; Mehtab, Ayesha; Naz, Kashf; Haider, Waqas; Gondal, Muhammad Asif; Umer, Muhammad; Afzal, Muhammad Inam; Shah, Naseer Ali; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Guan, Yalin; Ahmad, Khawaja Shafique; Ahmed, Haroon

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105156

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study found that over 95% of the respondents from all populations possessed a high awareness about the transmission of rabies from dogs; however, there was a substantial gap regarding rabies transmission dynamics through domestic and wild animals. Similar results were found in other developing countries [ 24 , 29 , [39] , [40] , [41] ]. Moreover, the majority of the CPs and over half of both the HCPs and the VPs possessed insufficient knowledge about the nature of exposure that leads to rabies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The success of the One Health initiative relies on enhancing the KAP level among the public and on improving the skill of the personnel directly dealing with animal bite management and suspected rabies patients, including humans and animals. There have been many community-based rabies surveys that have focused only on the community members in Bangladesh and other developing countries [ [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ]; however, till date no study in Bangladesh and a minimum number of studies in elsewhere have determined the level of KAP about rabies among other stakeholders of rabies elimination programme [ [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about rabies among the people in the community, healthcare professionals and veterinary practitioners in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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It is crucial to explore knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) about rabies among the people in the community, the personnel dealing with animal bite management and suspected rabies patients, including humans and animals, to facilitate intervention in improving rabies elimination strategies. In 2016, we conducted an interactive face-to-face survey in three different districts of Bangladesh to understand the extent of KAP towards rabies in the community peoples (CPs), human healthcare professionals (HCPs) and veterinary practitioners (VPs). A set of prescribed questions was employed to measure what proportion of each group possessed sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes and adequate perceptions about rabies. A total of 1133 CPs, 211 HCPs and 168 VPs were interviewed by using a standard questionnaire comprising both closed and open-ended questions. Of the CPs, 49% identified the disease correctly (i.e. rabies is caused by an animal bite or a scratch). Only 29% of the CPs were aware that a wound should be washed immediately with soap and water after an animal bite or a scratch. However, only 49% of the CPs, 65% of the HCPs and 60% of the VPs felt that it is important to consult a physician and receive post-exposure vaccine as the first line of treatment following an animal exposure. Among the HCPs, 23% of the respondents did not possess sufficient knowledge about animal bites as categorised by the World Health Organization (WHO), and 12% of the respondents did not possess the knowledge on how to manage an animal bite properly. Out of 52% of the VPs who previously treated suspected rabid animals, only 29% had a history of taking rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Lack of formal education and rural subsistence were found to largely contribute to poor rabies KAP level among the CPs ( P ≤ 0.01). There has been a high demand for proper training to be provided to HCPs and VPs for the effective management of an animal bite incidence in human and animals, respectively. Multi-sectoral collaboration through integrated One Health initiatives including community education, awareness programmes, facilitation of rabies PEP, and dog vaccination as well as its population control are critical in the way forward to control rabies in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about rabies among the people in the community, healthcare professionals and veterinary practitioners in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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“…One of the critical findings of this survey is that the majority of the respondents revealed that they did not seek urgent medical care following a dog bite, consistent with similar studies on rabies in Pakistan [22]. However, this is in contrast to previously published studies on rabies in developed nations across the globe [11,13,18,23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey of canine rabies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Province of Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Background: This study aimed to assess the extent of knowledge and understanding of rabies disease in rural and urban communities of Pakistan. It also identified malpractices after suspected dog bite that might pose a risk for humans contracting rabies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (n = 1466) on people having different age groups and educational levels in four different geographic regions of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces in Pakistan. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of people were assessed using a structured questionnaire. We used a bivariate and multivariate analysis to study the association between rabies related mortalities in near or extended family members and different risk behaviors. Results: Our results demonstrate that the majority of the juvenile population (less than 18 years of age) were not aware of the clinical signs of rabies in animals. 75% of the total respondents were not vaccinated against rabies, 60% did not seek a doctor's advice after a suspected animal bite, and 55% had inadequate health care facilities for rabies patients in local hospitals. Respondents that had pets at home had not vaccinated (38%; p < 0.05; odds ratio 1.58) themselves against rabies due to lack of knowledge and awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies (51%; p < 0.05; odds ratio 1.25). They also tend to not visit doctor after suspected bite (52%; p < 0.05; odds ratio 1.97), which may had resulted in more deaths (65%; p < 0.05; odds ratio 1.73) of someone in their near or extended family due to rabies. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge about the nature of rabies disease and prophylaxis has contributed to increase of rabies related deaths. Inadequate health care facilities and poor attitude of not seeking medical attention after suspected dog bite are the major reasons of rabies related deaths. These findings could help in devising a targeted management strategy and awareness program to control and reduce the incidence of human rabies related deaths in Pakistan.

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“…In the Indian context, deep-rooted cultural and religious beliefs connected with rabies, poorly functioning health and civil registration system, misplaced faith on traditional medicine systems and home remedies hinder the use of appropriate and timely medical interventions to prevent rabies[ 16 17 18 19 20 21 ] Also, a study in medical interns showed that they have poor knowledge about appropriate management of animal bites[ 22 23 ] Hence, a multipronged strategy based on evidence from studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies epidemiology, animal control, surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, and medical interventions is needed to monitor prevention, control, and eliminate rabies. Also, rabies is a fatal disease and animal bite and exposure to animals is very common in rural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of awareness and practices regarding animal bites in rural community, North India

Singh

Mahajan

Dahiya

2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Introduction: Repeated epidemiological studies to monitor trends of knowledge and practices are needed to guide strategies to control rabies. We conducted a study to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices in relation to animal bites in the rural area of north India. Methods: House to house survey to collect data on animal bites was conducted among 300 households (assuming awareness regarding animal bites to be 25%, precision 95%, and power of 80%) from the rural area of Punjab, north India. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire comprising of items that explored sociodemographic details (age, educational qualification, occupation, socioeconomic status (assessed through Udai Pareek scale), and awareness regarding rabies, knowledge about first aid, attitude, and practices regarding anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) was used. Detailed questions were asked to those who owned pets. Results: A total of 300 households were included in the analysis. Among all respondents, 30.4% (117) had an episode of animal bite in their family giving a bite incidence rate of 78/1000 population. Bites were more frequent in males (65.8%, n = 77). The commonest site of the bite was lower limb (65%) followed by upper limb (21.4%), and head and neck (5.1%). The participants said that bites by pet animals (47%) are more common than those by stray animals (35.9%), followed by wild animals (12.8%). Almost 91% of respondents told that they would prefer govt. hospital for the treatment. Class I bite was most common (88.9%) followed by class II (8.5%) and class III (1.7%). A lot of respondents (41.4%) did not know about the symptoms of rabies in humans. Only 17.5% knew the appropriate wound care. Inappropriate practices like applying chilly (48.8%), lime (13.1%), tying the limb above the wound (5.1%), and others were common. Only 15.5% washed their wound with soap and water. Most of those who were bitten received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (80%). Most of the respondents (98.3%) had heard about ARV but didn’t know about the site of injection. Almost everyone (99.35) said that no awareness camps/programs had been conducted in their villages/school/health center to date. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of animal bites in rural areas. Awareness regarding the need for rabies vaccine of animals and PEP after an animal bite is quite high and is practiced. However, there is a lack of awareness regarding the course of action to be followed when an animal does develop rabies. Traditional and inappropriate practices of wound management persist and need to be countered. Improving the availability of ARV and rabies immunoglobulin through the public health system may further augment the uptake of PEP and completion of treatment while at the same time reducing out of pocket expenditure and the overall economic cost of rabies. Solid waste management in rural areas along with oral ARV is likely to reduce the...

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Knowledge, attitude & practices (KAPs) regarding rabies endemicity among the community members, Pakistan

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about rabies among the people in the community, healthcare professionals and veterinary practitioners in Bangladesh

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about rabies among the people in the community, healthcare professionals and veterinary practitioners in Bangladesh

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey of canine rabies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Province of Pakistan

A cross-sectional study of awareness and practices regarding animal bites in rural community, North India

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