A cross-sectional study of awareness and practices regarding animal bites in rural community, North India

Singh, Tarundeep; Mahajan, Shuchi; Dahiya, Neha

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_158_20

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…4 Majority of animals in our study (70.4%) were stray and wild animals which is almost similar to a study conducted by Umarigar et al in 2012 where 94% of cases were bitten by stray dogs but in a study conducted by Singh et al in 2020, bites by pet animals (47%) are more common than those by stray animals (35.9%), followed by wild animals (12.8%). 12,13 We have found the most common site of animal bite was lower limb (53.6%) which is almost same like the study conducted by Sangeetha et al in 2016,where also the majority had animal bites were on leg (60.87%). 9 The lower limb is the most common area in our study may be because in tribal area majority of male people wear lungi, gamcha or dhoti.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A cross sectional study on pattern of animal bites and their post exposure management in a tribal district of Mayurbhanj, Northern Odisha, India

Kumari¹,

Tripathy²,

Dutta³

et al. 2023

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Rabies is an enzootic and epizootic disease of worldwide. Rabies is a fatal but preventable viral disease. Rabies is one of the neglected tropical diseases that predominantly affects poor and vulnerable populations who live in remote rural locations. Objectives of current study was to assess the prevalence of animal bite cases and its associated factors in a tribal district of Northern Odisha and to study the first aid management of people after dog bite. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. This study was conducted at PRM medical college, Baripada, Odisha in anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) OPD clinic. The study period was March 2021 to September 2021. The sampling techniques was consecutive sampling. The study population was all animal bite case attending ARV clinic. Data was analyzed by appropriate statistical tool. Results: Majority 54.9% victims are dog bite victims and the most common site of bite was lower limb (53.6%). The main source of information was family and friends followed by doctors and health workers. Conclusions: Majority of people especially in rural and tribal area were illiterate and they don’t have any knowledge about animal bite or its management. This study had found that those who are literate had done a proper wound management before coming to ARV clinic. So, literacy proved to have a major impact on wound management. Behavior changes communication (BCC) along with health education is a vital weapon for controlling rabies especially in developing country like India.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A cross sectional study on pattern of animal bites and their post exposure management in a tribal district of Mayurbhanj, Northern Odisha, India

Kumari¹,

Tripathy²,

Dutta³

et al. 2023

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Fourteen sources described drivers of rabies related to lack of awareness and understanding of the disease, its causes and prevention. Communities often reported low awareness of rabies, in terms of preventing bites and behaviour following a bite or other contact with potentially infected animals [ 28 , 29 , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] ]. Some sources discussed community beliefs and the use of traditional medicines as prevention or post-exposure prophylaxis [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some sources discussed community beliefs and the use of traditional medicines as prevention or post-exposure prophylaxis [ 29 ]. Studies in India found some participants had heard about rabies, but knowledge of first-aid following a bite was poor, with application of chillies, turmeric or kerosene and visiting traditional healers recommended [ 33 , 35 , 37 ]. In two Pakistan studies, most participants stated there had been no rabies awareness campaign in their community [ 28 , 38 ], with similar findings in India [ 32 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in India found some participants had heard about rabies, but knowledge of first-aid following a bite was poor, with application of chillies, turmeric or kerosene and visiting traditional healers recommended [ 33 , 35 , 37 ]. In two Pakistan studies, most participants stated there had been no rabies awareness campaign in their community [ 28 , 38 ], with similar findings in India [ 32 , 35 ]. People reported getting their information from friends, family and neighbours, with women who had received no formal education likely to be less aware of the disease [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of zoonotic disease risk in the Indian subcontinent: A scoping review

et al. 2021

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Literature on potential anthropogenic drivers of zoonotic disease risk in the Indian subcontinent is sparse. We conducted a scoping review to identify primary sources, published 2000–2020, to clarify what research exists and on which areas future research should focus. We summarised findings thematically by disease. Of 80 sources included, 78 (98%) were original research articles and two were conference abstracts. Study designs and methods were not always clearly described, but 74 (93%) were quantitative (including one randomised trial), five (6%) were mixed-methods, and one was qualitative. Most sources reported research from India (39%) or Bangladesh (31%), followed by Pakistan (9%), Nepal (9%), Bhutan and Sri Lanka (6% each). Topically, most focused on rabies (18; 23%), Nipah virus (16; 20%) or leptospirosis (11; 14%), while 12 (15%) did not focus on a disease but instead on knowledge in communities. People generally did not seek post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies even when vaccination programmes were available and they understood that rabies was fatal, instead often relying on traditional medicines. Similarly, people did not take precautions to protect themselves from leptospirosis infection, even when they were aware of the link with rice cultivation. Nipah was correlated with presence of bats near human habitation. Official information on diseases, modes of transmission and prevention was lacking, or shared informally between friends, relatives, and neighbours. Behaviour did not correspond to disease knowledge. This review identifies various human behaviours which may drive zoonotic disease risk in the Indian subcontinent. Increasing community knowledge and awareness alone is unlikely to be sufficient to successfully change these behaviours. Further research, using interdisciplinary and participatory methods, would improve understanding of risks and risk perceptions and thus help in co-designing context-specific, relevant interventions.

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“…Not surprisingly, crucial information about the disease eludes the most vulnerable populations, such as school-age children, families with children less than 14 years of age and religious groups that support FRD in the human settlements (Madjadinan et al 2020;Tiwari et al 2019a). Besides the lack of knowledge about the disease, misplaced attitudes of the communities in endemic countries persist regarding post-bite management of wounds, such as applying traditional therapies and belief in local priests to provide relief through religious rituals (Singh et al 2020;Jemberu et al 2013). Another cause of concern is a lack of knowledge about rabies and post-bite management of wounds by the frontline medical staff.…”

Section: (A) Knowledge Attitudes and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating dog-mediated rabies: challenges and strategies

2021

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Rabies is an acute encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. It is primarily transmitted through bites of infected dogs which results in the worldwide death of an estimated 59000 humans every year. The disease is preventable through the application of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and its elimination has been demonstrated in many countries by applying multiple interventions simultaneously. Nonetheless, rabies is still widespread in many developing countries, primarily due to the poor implementation of intervention strategies that include inadequate dog-bite wound management practices, unavailability/unaffordability of PEP by the communities, failure to control the disease in free-roaming dogs and wildlife, improper dog population management, weak surveillance and diagnostic facilities and a lack of a One Health approach to the disease. In this review, strategies to control dog-mediated rabies through a One Health approach were discussed. We recommend applying multiple interventions against the disease by involving all the concerned stakeholders in selected urban and rural areas of the countries where rabies is endemic. An empirical demonstration of disease freedom in the selected areas through a One Health approach is needed to convince policymakers to invest in rabies prevention and control on the national level. This multifaceted One Health control model will enhance the likelihood of achieving the goal of global rabies eradication by 2030.

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A cross-sectional study of awareness and practices regarding animal bites in rural community, North India

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

A cross sectional study on pattern of animal bites and their post exposure management in a tribal district of Mayurbhanj, Northern Odisha, India

A cross sectional study on pattern of animal bites and their post exposure management in a tribal district of Mayurbhanj, Northern Odisha, India

Drivers of zoonotic disease risk in the Indian subcontinent: A scoping review

Eliminating dog-mediated rabies: challenges and strategies

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