Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning In

Exley, Christine L.; Niederle, Muriel; Vesterlund, Lise

doi:10.1086/704616

Cited by 101 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…One potential explanation is that the cost of debt (especially mortgage debt) is influenced by bargaining power (Woodward and Hall, 2012), and men have been shown to have a greater propensity to "lean-in" than women (e.g. Exley et al, 2016). Interestingly, returns to net worth are more responsive to general education than returns to financial wealth.…”

Section: Returns To Financial Wealthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth

Fagereng¹,

Guiso²,

Malacrino³

et al. 2018

IMF Working Papers

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We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twelve years of population data from Norway's administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, during our sample period individuals earn markedly different average returns on their financial assets (a standard deviation of 14%) and on their net worth (a standard deviation of 8%). Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the financial wealth distribution increases the return by 3 percentage points-and by 17 percentage points when the same exercise is performed for the return to net worth. Fourth, wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly reflects stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects persistent heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.

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Section: Returns To Financial Wealthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth

Fagereng¹,

Guiso²,

Malacrino³

et al. 2018

IMF Working Papers

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“…Lab experiments on negotiations suggest that women who initiate negotiations are punished for it (Bowles, Babcock and Lai, 2005); this assertive behavior is often punished for being less feminine, while female leaders often face backlash for not being assertive enough (Amanatullah and Tinsley, 2013). In anticipation of backlash, women choose to negotiate when they believe negotiations will be successful (Exley, Niederle and Vesterlund, 2018), such as when they advocate on behalf of others rather than advocating for themselves (Amanatullah and Morris, 2010).…”

Section: Evaluation and Promotion Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Based Employment Segregation

Das¹,

Kotikula²

2019

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Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

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“…Finally, there seems to be some degree of homophily: male investors express less interest in female entrepreneurs compared to observably similar male entrepreneurs. In contrast, female investors express more interest in female entrepreneurs (Ewens, forthcoming [44]).…”

Section: Share Of Male New Entrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levelling the playing field

Lassébie¹,

Sakha²,

Koźluk³

et al. 2019

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers

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This paper is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and the arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

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Knowing When to Ask: The Cost of Leaning In

Cited by 101 publications

References 46 publications

Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth

Heterogeneity and Persistence in Returns to Wealth

Gender-Based Employment Segregation

Levelling the playing field

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