Knockdown of Two Trehalase Genes by RNA Interference Is Lethal to the White-Backed Planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract

Trehalase (Tre) is a crucial enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism, and it plays pivotal roles in insect development and metamorphosis. However, the biological function of Tre genes in Sogatella furcifera remains unclear. In the present study, two Tre genes—SfTre1 and SfTre2—were cloned and identified based on the S. furcifera transcriptome data. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the full-length complementary DNA of SfTre1 and SfTre2 genes were 3700 and 2757 bp long, with 1728- and 1902-bp open reading frame encoding 575 and 633 amino acid residues, respectively. Expression analysis indicated that SfTre1 and SfTre2 were expressed at all developmental stages, with the highest expression in day two adults. Furthermore, the highest expression levels of SfTre1 and SfTre2 were observed in the ovary; enriched expression was also noted in head tissues. The knockdown of SfTre1 and SfTre2 via injecting double-stranded RNAs decreased the transcription levels of the corresponding mRNAs and led to various malformed phenotypes and high lethality rates. The results of our present study indicate that SfTre1 and SfTre2 play crucial roles in S. furcifera growth and development, which can provide referable information for Tre genes as a potential target for planthopper control.

Effect of Three Novel Thiazolidiones on the Development, Reproduction, and Trehalase Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…In conjunction with findings from earlier research [58][59][60], we believe that trehalase inhibitors limit the energy availability of offspring by inhibiting trehalase or chitinase activity, or they are unable to break through the eggshell because of a lack of chitinase, thereby reducing the egg hatching rate. Experiments on the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera [61] and cotton spider Tetranychus cinnabarinus [62] demonstrated a close correlation between chitinase activity and insect embryonic development, ovarian development, and egg hatching. A disruption of the trehalose pathway caused delayed ovarian development and egg formation in Bombyx mori [63].…”

Intestinimonas butyriciproducens affects Eimeria tenella development and infection via regulating EtGFAT gene expression

“…The EtGFAT gene refers to the Glutamine: Fructose-6-Phosphate Aminotransferase gene of E. tenella [32], playing a crucial role in its metabolism. This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway of glucose metabolism, converting glutamine and fructose-6-phosphate into glucosamine-6phosphate and glutamate [33]. In the lifecycle of E. tenella, the host animal's intestines provide ample glucose, which the enzyme encoded by the EtGFAT gene utilizes to support the parasite's growth and development [34].…”

Silencing of Glutamine: Fructose-6-Phosphate Aminotransferase Impairs Growth and Development in Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

“…Insect chitin remodeling is a highly complex process that is regulated by several enzymes. Previous studies have suggested that the suppression of specific insect chitin remodeling enzymes may be a useful strategy for developing pest control treatments [23,35,37,39]. GFAT is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the chitin biosynthesis pathway.…”

“…As described previously [35], samples were collected during the feeding process. The sample collection schedule included 18 time points from the egg stage to the adult stage, including 1-2-day-old egg (EG1-EG2), 1-2-day-old 1st instar nymph (1L1-1L2), 1-2-dayold 2nd instar nymph (2L1-2L2), 1-3-day-old 3rd instar nymph (3L1-3L3), 1-3-day-old 4th instar nymph (4L1-4L3), 1-3-day-old 5th instar nymph (5L1-5L3), and 1-3-day-old adult (AD1-AD3).…”

“…Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was synthesized using a MEGAscript ® RNAi Kit (Ambion, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with all procedures performed according to the user manual. In vivo SfGFAT gene silencing in S. furcifera nymphs was conducted as previously described [15,35,37]. Briefly, first day 5th instar nymphs were anesthetized with CO 2 for approximately 90 s, then placed on a 1% agarose gel plate with grooves.…”