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Gurycová, D

doi:10.1023/a:1007537405242

Cited by 121 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Four subspecies have been identified: tularensis, holarctica, mediasiactica, and novicida (Ellis et al, 2002). Subspecies tularensis strains, also designated as type A, are the most virulent and are most frequently found in North America (type A can be further divided into A.1 and A.2) (Gurycova, 1998; Staples et al, 2006). Subspecies holarctica, or type B strains, are not as virulent as type A but they can cause human disease and are found throughout North America and Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth conditions and environmental factors impact aerosolization but not virulence of Francisella tularensis infection in mice

Faith¹,

Smith²,

Swatland³

et al. 2012

Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio.

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In refining methodology to develop a mouse model for inhalation of Francisella tularensis, it was noted that both relative humidity and growth media impacted the aerosol concentration of the live vaccine strain (LVS) of F. tularensis. A relative humidity of less than 55% had a negative impact on the spray factor, the ratio between the concentration of LVS in the aerosol and the nebulizer. The spray factor was significantly higher for LVS grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth than LVS grown in Mueller–Hinton broth (MHb) or Chamberlain's chemically defined medium (CCDM). The variability between aerosol exposures was also considerably less with BHI. LVS grown in BHI survived desiccation far longer than MHb-grown or CCDM-grown LVS (~70% at 20 min for BHI compared to <50% for MHb and CCDM). Removal of the capsule by hypertonic treatment impacted the spray factor for CCDM-grown LVS or MHb-grown LVS but not BHI-grown LVS, suggesting the choice of culture media altered the adherence of the capsule to the cell membrane. The choice of growth media did not impact the LD50 of LVS but the LD99 of BHI-grown LVS was 1 log lower than that for MHb-grown LVS or CCDM-grown LVS. Splenomegaly was prominent in mice that succumbed to MHb- and BHI-grown LVS but not CCDM-grown LVS. Environmental factors and growth conditions should be evaluated when developing new animal models for aerosol infection, particularly for vegetative bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth conditions and environmental factors impact aerosolization but not virulence of Francisella tularensis infection in mice

Faith¹,

Smith²,

Swatland³

et al. 2012

Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio.

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“…The first such isolates were recovered in 1986, during a survey of small mammals, fleas, ticks and mites in western Slovakia [16]. These isolates were identified as subspecies tularensis due to their ability to ferment glycerol and citrulline, high sensitivity to erythromycin and high virulence; these properties are typical of subspecies tularensis but not subspecies holarctica .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing Shows that European Isolates of Francisella tularensis Subspecies tularensis Are Almost Identical to US Laboratory Strain Schu S4

Chaudhuri

Ren

Desmond³

et al. 2007

PLoS ONE

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Background Francisella tularensis causes tularaemia, a life-threatening zoonosis, and has potential as a biowarfare agent. F. tularensis subsp. tularensis, which causes the most severe form of tularaemia, is usually confined to North America. However, a handful of isolates from this subspecies was obtained in the 1980s from ticks and mites from Slovakia and Austria. Our aim was to uncover the origins of these enigmatic European isolates.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe determined the complete genome sequence of FSC198, a European isolate of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis, by whole-genome shotgun sequencing and compared it to that of the North American laboratory strain Schu S4. Apparent differences between the two genomes were resolved by re-sequencing discrepant loci in both strains. We found that the genome of FSC198 is almost identical to that of Schu S4, with only eight SNPs and three VNTR differences between the two sequences. Sequencing of these loci in two other European isolates of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis confirmed that all three European isolates are also closely related to, but distinct from Schu S4.Conclusions/SignificanceThe data presented here suggest that the Schu S4 laboratory strain is the most likely source of the European isolates of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis and indicate that anthropogenic activities, such as movement of strains or animal vectors, account for the presence of these isolates in Europe. Given the highly pathogenic nature of this subspecies, the possibility that it has become established wild in the heartland of Europe carries significant public health implications.

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“…F. tularensis subsp. tularensis is the most virulent subspecies and can cause life-threatening disease; its distribution seems to be restricted to North America, although a single report indicated its presence in Europe ( 4 – 7 ). F .…”

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confidence: 99%