KIVA-II: A computer program for chemically reactive flows with sprays

Amsden, A.A.; O’Rourke, P.J.; Butler, T.A.

doi:10.2172/6228444

Cited by 1,314 publications

(451 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, to account for the convection flow effects, a turbulence model with a large eddy simulation is adopted using a quasisecond‐order upwind scheme. This provides an accurate finite difference approach for the approximation of spatial derivatives …”

Section: Experimental Setup Simulation Parameters and Verification mentioning

confidence: 99%

CPFD flow pattern simulation in downer reactors

Abbasi

Islam

Ege³

et al. 2012

AIChE Journal

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This study contributes with a computational fluid dynamic simulation based on the numerical solution of continuity and momentum balance equations in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) framework. The proposed down flow gas–solid suspension model includes a unit configuration and CD drag coefficients recommended for these units. Computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) calculations using suitable boundary conditions and a Barracuda (version: 14.5.2) software allow predicting local solid densification and asymmetric “wavy flows.” In addition, this model forecasts for the conditions of this study higher particle velocity than gas velocity, once the flow reaches 1 m from the gas injector. These findings are accompanied with observations about the intrinsic rotational character of the flow. CPFD numerical 3‐D calculations show that both gas and particle velocities involve the following: (a) an axial velocity component, (b) a radial velocity component (about 5% of axial velocity component), and (c) an angular velocity component. The calculated velocity components and the rotational flow pattern are established for a wide range of solid flux/gas flux ratios. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1635–1647, 2013

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Section: Experimental Setup Simulation Parameters and Verification mentioning

confidence: 99%

CPFD flow pattern simulation in downer reactors

Abbasi

Islam

Ege³

et al. 2012

AIChE Journal

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“…The k{°turbulence model has been used extensively for single-phase simulations of turbulent ®ows for many years. It has also been incorporated into the majority of schemes for two-phase spray simulations (see, for example, the KIVA computer codes of Amsden et al . (1989)).…”

Section: (D ) Gas-phase Transport Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1977). The Lagrangian approach has been used by the majority of researchers (see, for example, Chen & Perreira 1992;Reitz & Diwakar 1987), and it has been used in the spray models incorporated into industrial codes such as KIVA (Amsden et al . 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the development of a spray model based on drop-size moments

Beck

Watkins²

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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To date, all polydisperse spray models have involved discretizing the liquid ®ow eld into groups of equally sized droplets. This paper describes the design and implementation of a spray model able to capture the full polydisperse nature of the spray ®ow without using droplet-size classes. Instead, the moments of the droplet-size distribution function are used to describe the distribution of droplet sizes. Transport equations are written for the two moments, which represent the liquid mass and surface area, and two more moments representing total radius and droplet number are approximated via use of a presumed distribution function allowed to vary in space and time. The velocities to be used in the two transport equations are obtained by de ning moment-average quantities and constructing further transport equations for the relevant moment-average velocities. An equation for the energy of the liquidphase and standard gas-phase equations, including a k{°turbulence model, are also solved. All the equations are solved in an Eulerian framework using the nite-volume approach, and the phases are coupled through source terms. E¬ects such as droplet break-up and droplet{droplet collisions are also captured through the use of source terms, and all the source terms are derived in terms of the four moments of the droplet-size distribution in order to nd the net e¬ect on the whole spray ®ow eld.The model is here applied to a wide variety of di¬erent sprays, including highpressure diesel sprays, wide-angle solid-cone water sprays and hollow-cone sprays. Tests show the model behaves consistently, and performs well in comparisons with experimental data. The inter-phase drag model produces excellent agreement in the spray-penetration results, and the moment-average velocity approach gives good radial distributions of droplet size, showing the capability of the model to predict polydisperse behaviour.

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“…Numerical simulation methods have been considered as reliable to describe the complex interaction between the flowing gas and liquid droplets by exploring the distinct attributes of two‐phase flow, such as mixing, ignition, chemical reactions and heat transfer in the chamber . The precise numerical models for the multi‐phase flow were developed by O'Rouke and by Dukowicz that investigated the interaction of gas with liquid spray droplets in the case of the spray dryers containing flue gases from the coal fire power plants and diesel engine fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Integrated Model for Interaction of Liquid Droplets with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Iqbal

Stallard

Dowling

et al. 2015

Plasma Process. Polym.

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Interaction between the liquid precursor droplets and non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) is identified as an important mechanism in two-phase flow. In this study, a twodimensional integrated fluid-droplet model is developed to explore the behavior of this interaction under similar operating conditions of an experiment performed using PlasmaStream system. The evaporation of droplets is recognized as a primary mechanism in APP; however, the mutual interactions, such as grazing and coalescence between the droplets are dominant in the limit of higher precursor flow rates (>100 mL min À1 ). The spatio-temporal profiles of discharge plasma are contrasted by considering the effect of various liquid precursors, such as Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), nHexane, Tetraethyl orthosilicate and water in order to illustrate their significance during droplet-plasma interaction. In particular, we investigated the enhancement of evaporation of droplets by the increment of gas flow rates. Finally, the size distribution of HMDSO droplets measured with the experiment is compared with the results of the fluid-droplet model to provide the authenticity of numerical simulation outcomes. Figure 8. Comparison of (a) fluid-droplet model and (b) experimental observations of size distribution of droplets using HMDSO precursor droplets at flow rate ¼ 100 mL min À1 and gas flow rate ¼ 5 L min À1 , f ¼ 20 kHz and V 0 ¼ -13.5 kV.

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KIVA-II: A computer program for chemically reactive flows with sprays

Cited by 1,314 publications

References 0 publications

CPFD flow pattern simulation in downer reactors

CPFD flow pattern simulation in downer reactors

On the development of a spray model based on drop-size moments

Two-Dimensional Integrated Model for Interaction of Liquid Droplets with Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

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