Kininases and converting enzyme in human placenta

Litorowicz, A; Malofiejew, M

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(78)90197-1

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast to the present results, normal SACE in normotensive pregnancy was found in other studies (5,12 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) originates from endothelial cells in both the lungs and the peripheral vascular bed, and it has recently been shown that placental tissue in normal women also produces enzymes capable of converting angiotensin I to I1 (10). However, after correction for plasma volume expansion, only the levels in first and second trimester were significantly reduced.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Normotensive Pregnancy and Pre‐Eclampsia on Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme

Rasmussen

Pedersen

Rømer

et al. 1983

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) levels were determined in normotensive pregnant subjects and patients with pre-eclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy and 5 days, 3 and 6 months after parturition, and also in the first and second trimester in the normotensive group. SACE levels were reduced during pregnancy and 5 days after delivery in the normotensive subjects compared with the levels 3 and 6 months after delivery and to the non-pregnant control subjects. After correction for plasma volume expansion, SACE was reduced in first and second trimester only. In pre-eclampsia both SACE and corrected SACE were significantly lower in third trimester and 5 days after parturition than 3 and 6 months after delivery and in non-pregnant control subjects. The reason for the reduced level of SACE in first and second trimester during normal pregnancy is not known. The low SACE levels in pre-eclampsia may be a secondary phenomenon due to a decreased placental synthesis without primary importance for the blood pressure regulation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Normotensive Pregnancy and Pre‐Eclampsia on Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme

Rasmussen

Pedersen

Rømer

et al. 1983

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…Thus, it seems probable that the entire renin-angiotensin system is functional in the fetal animal of mid to late third trimester. Moreover, AICE is present in the placenta by the second trimester [16,28], and may represent a significant extrapulmon ary site of angiotensin activation in the fetal animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Renin Activity during Acute Ventilatory Hypoxia in the Ewe and Fetal Lamb

Drummond¹,

Lindheimer²

1982

Neonatology

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Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined during ventilatory hypoxia (n = 6) or normoxia (n = 5) in chronically catheterized ewes and fetuses. Compared to identically studied controls, hypoxemic ewes (PaO₂ = 34.2 ± 3 Torr, p < 0.01) developed significant tachycardia (103 vs. 125 ± 6, p < 0.05) without change in blood pressure. Hypoxemic (PaO₂ = 9.1 ± 0.7 Torr, p < 0.01) fetuses developed hypertension (39.3 vs. 44 ± 2 mm Hg, p < 0.05), tachycardia (182 ± 2 vs. 202 ± 5, p < 0.05), and elevated hematocrit (34 ± 1.5 vs. 38.5 ± 1.8%, p < 0.02) during hypoxemia. Fetal plasma renin levels increased from 0.26 ± 0.05 to 7.6 ± 2.8 ng/ml/h (p < 0.06) and to 14.7 ± 5.6 ng/ml/h (p < 0.05) after 60 and 120 min of hypoxia, respectively. Fetal PRA returned to baseline after 60 min of recovery. Ewe PRA did not change in either group. From these data, we conclude that differences exist between fetal and adult plasma renin levels during hypoxia. The mechanism of this response remains to be clarified.

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“…This enzyme is found on the the enzyme (review: Ondetti & Cushman, 1982). ACE activity has also been demonstrated in the human 'Author for correspondence placenta (Litorowicz & Malofiejew, 1978;Warren et )3 The Macmillan Press Ltd 1986 al., 1984) and amniotic fluid (Yasui et al, 1984;Warren et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of enalapril (MK421), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the conscious pregnant ewe and her foetus

Pipkin

Wallace

1986

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effects ofenalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on maternal and foetal blood pressure, heart rate and components ofthe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were studied in 9 chronically-cannulated pregnant ewes and their foetuses.2 Six ewes received 1 mg kg-' enalapril i.v. while 3 were given 2mg kg-'.Although the initial fall in blood pressure was slightly greater in the higher dose group, there was substantial overlap of data. The pressor response to angiotensin I, assessing ACE activity, was abolished within 10 min of administration, and did not recover during 3 h of observation. Maternal systolic and diastolic pressures reached a nadir 90min after administration (P<0.001, P<0.002 respectively). The maximum tachycardia was seen at 60 min (P<0.05). 3 The foetuses of the ewes given 1 mg kg-enalapril showed no change in systolic or diastolic blood pressure or heart rate. Those of the ewes given the higher dose showed late-onset hypotension, coincident with the lowest maternal blood pressures. 4 Maternal plasma renin concentration (PRC) had risen significantly by 30 min (P < 0.02), reaching a maximum at approximately 90 min. Maternal plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations both fell initially (P <0.05) but were almost at basal levels by the end of the experiment. 5 Foetal plasma renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations were unchanged throughout the experiment. 6 Peak values of enaprilic acid, the active principle, were recorded in maternal plasma 65-90 min after administration of I mg kg-', and 25-30 min after the administration of 2mg kg-'. A trace amount of the active principle was recorded in the foetal plasma of one lamb, whose mother had been given the higher dose. None was recorded in the plasma from three other lambs. 7 Maternal plasma ACE concentrations fell by an average of 84%; in 4 of the 6 ewes in which concentrations were measured they were undetectable after treatment. Foetal plasma ACE concentrations were unchanged throughout. 8 Enalapril at I mg kg-' thus exerts a depressor effect on the pregnant ewe which is probably related to its blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Both direct measurement of the drug and foetal observation suggest that it does not cross the sheep placenta at this dose. This is consistent with its failure to cross the blood-brain barrier. Foetal effects were noted at 2 mg kg-', and there was an unexpected foetal death in this group.

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Kininases and converting enzyme in human placenta

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

The Influence of Normotensive Pregnancy and Pre‐Eclampsia on Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme

The Influence of Normotensive Pregnancy and Pre‐Eclampsia on Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme

Plasma Renin Activity during Acute Ventilatory Hypoxia in the Ewe and Fetal Lamb

The effect of enalapril (MK421), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the conscious pregnant ewe and her foetus

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