Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined during ventilatory hypoxia (n = 6) or normoxia (n = 5) in chronically catheterized ewes and fetuses. Compared to identically studied controls, hypoxemic ewes (PaO2 = 34.2 ± 3 Torr, p < 0.01) developed significant tachycardia (103 vs. 125 ± 6, p < 0.05) without change in blood pressure. Hypoxemic (PaO2 = 9.1 ± 0.7 Torr, p < 0.01) fetuses developed hypertension (39.3 vs. 44 ± 2 mm Hg, p < 0.05), tachycardia (182 ± 2 vs. 202 ± 5, p < 0.05), and elevated hematocrit (34 ± 1.5 vs. 38.5 ± 1.8%, p < 0.02) during hypoxemia. Fetal plasma renin levels increased from 0.26 ± 0.05 to 7.6 ± 2.8 ng/ml/h (p < 0.06) and to 14.7 ± 5.6 ng/ml/h (p < 0.05) after 60 and 120 min of hypoxia, respectively. Fetal PRA returned to baseline after 60 min of recovery. Ewe PRA did not change in either group. From these data, we conclude that differences exist between fetal and adult plasma renin levels during hypoxia. The mechanism of this response remains to be clarified.
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