Kinetics of viral load, immunological mediators and characterization of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate in mild COVID-19 patients during acute phase of infection

Anantharaj, Anbalagan; Gujjar, Sunil; Kumar, Sunil; Jain, Nikhil; Wangchuk, Jigme; Khan, NA; Panwar, Aleksha; Kanakan, Akshay; Vivekanand, A; Js, Vasudevan; Das, Ashim; Pandey, Anil Kumar; Pandey, Rajesh; Medigeshi, Guruprasad R.

doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.20226621

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Plaque-purified Indian isolate [30] and B1.1.7 isolate were used in the study for neutralization assays (NCBI accession ID: MW422884 and MW881790). Detailed description of the method is provided in the supplementary information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses

Anantharaj

Gujjar

Verma

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Over 90% of the COVID-19 patients manifest mild/moderate symptoms or are asymptomatic. Although comorbidities and dysregulation of immune response have been implicated in severe COVID-19, the host factors that associate with asymptomatic or mild infections have not been characterized. We have collected serial samples from 23 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms and measured the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in respiratory samples and markers of inflammation in serum samples. We monitored seroconversion during the acute phase of illness and quantitated the amount of total IgG against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 and estimated the virus neutralization potential of these antibodies. Viral load decreased by day 8 in all the patients but the detection of viral RNA in saliva samples did not correlate well with viral RNA detection in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples. 25% of the virus-positive patients had no detectable neutralizing antibodies in the serum and in other cases, the efficiency of antibodies to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 B1.1.7 strain was lower as compared to the circulating virus isolate. Decrease in viral load coincided with increase in neutralizing antibodies and interferon levels in serum. Most patients showed no increase in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β or IL-6, however, elevated levels of IL-7 and other inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-8 was observed. These data suggest that most mild infections are associated with absence of inflammation coupled with an active innate immune response, T-cell activation and neutralizing antibodies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses

Anantharaj

Gujjar

Verma

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…100 μl of supernatant from each sample was then mixed with 900 μl of Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) and RNA isolation was carried out as per the manufacturer’s protocol. Copy number estimation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been described previously (Anantharaj et al, 2020). Briefly, 200 ng of RNA was used as a template for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).…”

Section: Star Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and cardio-vascular pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in golden syrian hamster

Rizvi

Dalal

Sadhu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in golden Syrian hamster (GSH) causes lungs pathology and resembles to human corona virus disease (Covid-19). Extra-pulmonary pathologies and immunological parameters of SARS-CoV-2 infection remained undefined in GSH. Using in silico modelling, we identified the similarities between human and hamster angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) that bind to receptor-binding domain (RBD) and S1 fragment of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infection led to lung pathologies, and cardiovascular complications (CVC) marked by interstitial coronary fibrosis and acute inflammatory response. Serum lipidomic and metabolomic profile of SARS-CoV-2-infected GSH revealed changes in serum triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and alterations in metabolites that correlated with Covid19. Together, we propose GSH as an animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and its therapy associated with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary pathologies.Abstract Figure

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“…RNA has been described previously (Anantharaj et al, 2020). Briefly, 200 ng of RNA was used as a template for the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).…”

Section: Viral Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Golden Syrian hamster as a model to study cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Rizvi

Dalal

Sadhu

et al. 2022

eLife

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection in the Golden Syrian hamster causes lung pathology that resembles human coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, extra-pulmonary pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and post COVID sequelae remain to be understood. Here we show, using a hamster model, that the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to an acute inflammatory response and lung pathologies, while the late phase of infection causes cardiovascular complications (CVC) characterized by ventricular wall thickening associated with increased ventricular mass/ body mass ratio and interstitial coronary fibrosis. Molecular profiling further substantiated our findings of CVC, as SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters showed elevated levels of serum cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and long-chain fatty acid triglycerides. Serum metabolomics profiling of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters identified N-acetylneuraminate, a functional metabolite found to be associated with CVC, as a metabolic marker was found to be common between SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and COVID-19 patients. Together, we propose hamsters as a suitable animal model to study post-COVID sequelae associated with CVC which could be extended to therapeutic interventions.

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Kinetics of viral load, immunological mediators and characterization of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate in mild COVID-19 patients during acute phase of infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses

Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses

Immunological and cardio-vascular pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in golden syrian hamster

Golden Syrian hamster as a model to study cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

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