Kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of extractive substances from garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage

Abstract

The kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of extractive substances (ES) from dry herbs of garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage using petroleum ether, 70% ethanol or water at 40 degrees C, as well as the composition of dry extracts, were studied. The mechanism of ultrasonic extraction is confirmed to occur in two steps: first, dissolution of the ES near the particle surface (washing) and, second, diffusion from the solid particles to the bulk of the liquid extract (slow extraction). The process is described mathematically using three concepts of the unsteady diffusion through plant material, the film theory and the empirical equation of Ponomaryov. The yield of ES increases with increasing solvent polarity, and nearly the maximum concentration of ES in liquid extracts is achieved for about 20 min. The composition of extracts depends on both the extraction conditions applied and the plant material.

Aqueous extraction kinetics of soluble solids, phenolics and flavonoids from sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) leaves

“…When extraction process was performed in 2 % sage loading at different temperatures, the concentration of TSS corresponded with the extract yield of 17.73 and 24.99 g/ 100 g contained 6.04-8.31 g/100 g TPC and 4.13-6.77 g/ 100 g TFC. Velickovic et al (2006) studied two different Salvia species with different solvents and they reported 28.0 % aqueous extract yield from Salvia officinalis and 34.4 % from S. glutinosa at 80°C. Durling et al (2007) extracted S. officinalis with 81 % methanol and they found that extract yield and recovery of bioactive components of S. officinalis increased by increasing temperature due to higher solubility and diffusion coefficient.…”

“…It is generally reported that extraction rate increases with increasing in temperature and solid/liquid ratio, and decreasing the particle size. Earlier works reported extraction efficiency in different sage species by using different extraction methods, such as; conventional (Schneider et al 2011), pressurized liquid (Hossain et al 2010), ultrasonic assisted, (Velickovic et al 2006;Velickovic et al 2008), supercritical CO 2 (Aleksovski and Sovova 2007;Glisic et al 2010) and ultrasonic assisted-supercritical CO 2 combination (Glisic et al 2011).…”

Effect of ultrasound‐assisted maceration on the quality of oil from the leaves of thyme Thymus vulgaris L.

“…[6] It has also been established that UAE is more effective than classical maceration-CM (shorter time, larger output of volatile constituent extraction). [7] UAE allows extraction at a lower temperature of the process, which is significant for raw materials that possess easily degradable ingredients. [8] Essential oils are accumulated by plants in specialized secretory structures, the destruction of which is one of the stages for their release.…”

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Edible and Medicinal Fungi: Major Factors and Process Kinetics

“…29 The kinetic models for UAE of natural products are usually adapted from those for conventional solid-liquid extraction or leaching, a well-known mass transfer process in chemical engineering. Several simplified empirical models have been developed for describing the extraction kinetics of natural products from plant materials in various mathematical forms, parabolic, hyperbolic, power-law and exponential.…”