Aqueous extraction kinetics of soluble solids, phenolics and flavonoids from sage (Salvia fruticosa Miller) leaves

Abstract

In the present study, aqueous extraction kinetics of total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from Salvia fruticosa leaves were investigated throughout 150 min. of extraction period against temperature (60-80°C), particle size (2-8 mm) and loading percentage (1-4 %). The extract yielded 25 g/100 g TSS which contained 30 g/100 g TPC and 25 g/100 g TFC. The extraction data in time course fit with reversible first order kinetic model. All tested variables showed significant effect on the estimated kinetic parameters except equilibrium concentration. Increasing the extraction temperature resulted high extraction rate constants and equilibrium concentrations of the tested variables notably above 70°C. By using the Arrhenius relationship, activation energy of the TSS, TPC and TFC were determined as 46.11±5.61, 36.80±3.12 and 33.52±2.23 kj/ mol, respectively. By decreasing the particle size, the extraction rate constants and diffusion coefficients exponentially increased whereas equilibrium concentrations did not change significantly. The equilibrium concentrations of the tested parameters showed linear behavior with increasing the loading percentage of the sage, however; the change in extraction rates did not show linear behavior due to submerging effect of 4 % loading.

Optimization of aqueous extraction and spray drying conditions for efficient processing of hibiscus blended rosehip tea powder

“…The loading ratio was found to have the most effect on all response variables. According to the RSM analysis, increasing the loading ratio had positive effects on both the soluble solid and TMA contents, which could be related to the higher gradient concentration between the solvent and raw materials (Torun, Dincer, Topuz, Sahin‐Nadeem, & Ozdemir, ). An increased content of extracted compounds with a higher loading ratio has also been reported for the phenolic compounds in mulberries (Cacace & Mazza, ) and sage (Torun et al, ).…”

Influence of shooting period and extraction conditions on bioactive compounds in Turkish green tea

“…The total phenolic content analyses were performed according to Torun et al (2014). For this purpose, 0.5 mL of the extract was treated with 2.5 mL of 0.1 N Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 2 mL of Na 2 CO 3 (75 g/L).…”

Solid–liquid extraction of bioactive compounds from yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves: Experimental study, kinetics and modeling

“…In general, an increase in the extraction temperature affects positively the process performance and this can be attributed to several factors, for instance, the possible rupture of the cell wall and an increase in the solute solubility, which occur in plants on heating, promoting the leaching of components to the bulk medium (Boateng, Verghese, Walker & Ogutu, 2008;Cacace & Mazza, 2003;Torun et al, 2014). In addition, higher temperatures cause a decrease in the solvent viscosity and enhance the solute diffusivity by increasing the mobility of the molecules due to their higher internal energy (Cacace & Mazza, 2003).…”

“…Several mathematical models are used to describe the mechanisms involved in the extraction kinetics associated with obtaining bioactive compounds from plants. Equilibrium‐dependent and intra‐particle diffusion models are extensively reported in the literature (Chan, Yusoff & Ngoh, ; Pin et al, ; Torun et al, ). However, the empirical Peleg model can also be applied to extraction processes (Segovia, Corral‐Pérez & Almajano, ).…”