Kinetics of transesterification reaction using CAO/AL₂O₃ catalyst synthesized by sol‐gel method

Abstract

Calcium oxide is one of the appropriate catalysts for biodiesel production. In this study, 40 wt. % CaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was used. Transesterification reaction was performed in optimal condition presented in the previous study (0.05 molar nitric acid and gelation temperature of 70 8C) in a 250 mL two-necked flask. All the experiments were carried out in the presence of soybean oil, methanol (methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1), and catalyst concentration of 6 wt. %. Stirrer speed was set at 350 rpm. This study investigated the effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on produced biodiesel conversion. Methyl ester conversion changes in all temperatures and across different times indicated pseudo-first order kinetic, so, first, the observed rate constant was obtained at various temperatures. Then, observed activation energy of soybean oil methanolysis in the presence of CaO/ Al 2 O 3 catalyst was determined. The results show that maximum errors of model are in primary times because methanol is insoluble in soybean oil. At the other times and by biodiesel and glycerol production, there was increased solubility of methanol in oil. The methyl esters production rate is related to diffusion of methanol in oil film and reaction rate constants which are calculated these constants.

How do you write and present research well? 10—State the uncertainty, but not too precisely

“…. Dosunmu and Shah [19] Statistical % deviation 9.55 % 10 % Moradi et al [14] Statistical R 2 0.9622 0.96 Bustillo-Lecompte et al [20] Statistical Mean 1628 mg · L −1 1600 mg · L −1 Abdelaziz et al [6] Statistical Standard deviation ±4.31*10 −5 M ±0.04 × 10 −3 mol/L (or 40 mol/L) Verma et al [13] Statistical F value 369.5 370 this value depend on sampling procedures, instrument characteristics, calibration, and environmental conditions, all of which reduce the precision of the data.…”

“…Factors that influence Guedes et al [3] Pure Temperature 315.71827 K 315.7 K Lu et al [4] Pure Pressure 101 325 Pa 101 kPa Kianinejad et al [5] Pure Porosity 52.47 % 52 % Abdelaziz et al [6] Pure Length 2.655 m 2.65 m Jeon et al [7] Analytical Surface area 163.9 m 2 · g −1 160 m 2 · g −1 Lin et al [8] Analytical EDS analysis 40.09 wt% 0.40 g · g −1 Jia et al [9] Analytical Viscosity 5.875 cP 5.9 cP Ma et al [10] Derived Selectivity 63.3 63 Vedoy and Soares [11] Derived Solids recovered 25.97 % 26 % Esmailpour et al [12] Derived Air density 0.921 02 kg · m −3 0.92 kg · m −3 Verma et al [13] Derived COD 1000.00 mg · L 1 .00 g · L Moradi et al [14] Derived Activation energy 36.314 kJ · mol…”

Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol through different routes: A thermodynamic and comparative analysis

“…[22] Various important studies have been reported in the case of thermodynamics and kinetics for reaction mixture of organic carbonates and liquid phase reactions. [23][24][25][26][27][28] However, no study of thermodynamics has been performed comparing various routes for DEC synthesis. Considering this, a comprehensive effort was carried out for estimation of equilibrium constants at standard temperature and pressure.…”

“…Various important studies have been reported in the case of thermodynamics and kinetics for reaction mixture of organic carbonates and liquid phase reactions . However, no study of thermodynamics has been performed comparing various routes for DEC synthesis.…”

An integrated process of catalytic hydrolysis and membrane separation for fatty acids production from lard oil

“…Heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are superior over homogenous catalysts owing to their numerous advantages such as no equipment corrosion and easy separation from product mixture . Tin (IV) compounds were employed to catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides .…”