How do you write and present research well? 10—State the uncertainty, but not too precisely

Boffito, Daria C.; Patience, Paul A.; Srinivasan, Bala; Perrier, Michel; Patience, Gregory S.

doi:10.1002/cjce.22532

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…More researchers are publishing more work in more journals. You must take responsibility to get your work noticed by: presenting the research at national society conferences and specialized conferences; sending links to the manuscript to researchers that you cite (Wiley journals allow you to select 10 individuals who will receive the article as soon as it is published); making the paper open access; preparing multimedia presentations of the paper (Elsevier AudioSlides, ACS LiveSlides, for example) and adding it to your blog/website; taking time to make an attractive graphical abstract; linking the article to social media and professional networks like LinkedIn and Research Gate; ensuring that you cite recent literature as well as older articles; and repeating keywords in the title, abstract, and introduction …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote

2016

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Q16 Web of ScienceTM Core Collection[1] (WoS), Google Scholar[2] (GS) and Scopus are citation databases that index all sorts of publications. At the end of 2014, WoS indexed 39 million documents including scientific articles (23 million), papers in proceedings (6 million), meeting abstracts (4 million), book reviews (2 million), and editorials, letters, reviews, and news (4 million). What percentage of the scientific articles (in WoS) have been cited at least once?[3] more than 90 % between 80 % and 90 % between 50 % and 80 % less than 50 %

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote

2016

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“…Consider a solids density of 3300 kg · m −3 with a relative expanded uncertainty of 7 %. The value of the uncertainty is 231 kg · m −3 but to respect our recommendation in the response to Q10 of this series (State the Uncertainty, but Not Too Precisely), [16] we should truncate it to one significant figure: 200 kg · m −3 , which equals a relative expanded uncertainty U r = 6 %. To accurately represent the uncertainty while carrying only one significant figure, we can express the uncertainty with a fraction or percentage: [2] (3300 ± 200) kg · m −3 3300(1.00 ± 0.07) kg · m −3 3300 kg · m −3 (U r = 7 %)…”

Section: Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 98%

How do you write and present research well? 11—Respect SI writing conventions

2016

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Q11 The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM—Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) maintains and updates SI writing conventions. All physical quantities can be expressed with SI but the BIPM does accept non‐standard expressions (bar for pressure, for example). In contrast, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering only accepts standard SI units. Identify all acceptable SI expressions.[1,2] The mass fraction of silica was 3%. The mass fraction of silica was 0.03. The silica content was 3 wt %. 450 normaloC 3234italicppm truex‾=xmax+xmin2 45 ml 45 mL

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“…Researchers who carry 5 significant figures for

E_{a}

overstate the certainty in their model: a confidence interval of

49 000 normalJ \cdot {mol}^{- 1} < E_{a} < 51 000 normalJ \cdot {mol}^{- 1}

only contributes 1 % to

Δ_{k} ∕ k

at a temperature difference of

normalΔ T = 50^{°} normalC

and 6 % at

normalΔ T = 350

°C . For the interval

49 900 normalJ \cdot {mol}^{- 1} < E_{a} < 50 100 normalJ \cdot {mol}^{- 1} Δ_{k} ∕ k

is less than 1 % even when the system operates 350 °C above the reference temperature,

T_{o}

(Figure ).…”

Section: Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds

et al. 2019

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Industry relies on fluidized beds to synthesize chemicals (acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, titanium dioxide, vinyl chloride), combust coal, dry powders, and treat waste. Fluidized bed folklore declares that they are hard to scale‐up and the gas phase is backmixed. Commercial failures that disregard standard design criteria around powder management, gas/solids injection, and mixing reinforce this belief. However, engineers select fluidized beds for processes that are impractical with conventional technologies to achieve economies of scale for highly exothermic, endothermic, or explosive reactions, for catalysts that deactivate in seconds (or minutes), and for chemistry that requires multiple dosing cycles. Failures are more frequent for these challenging applications. For this reason, researchers study reaction kinetics in fixed beds despite internal mass transfer limitations and axial and radial temperature and concentration gradients. Fluidized bed hydrodynamics vary with powder properties (particle diameter, size distribution, density, sphericity), operating conditions (gas density, viscosity, temperature, pressure), reactor geometry (diameter, height, mass, grid geometry). The minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) is a property that identifies the transition from the fixed bed regime to the fluidized bed regime and equals the gas velocity at which the upward drag force equals the weight of the powder. At the experimental scale, fluidized beds operate isothermally, solids are completely backmixed, and the gas phase is close to plug flow (Ug<-0.25em3Umf). Here, we describe the relationship between powder properties and fluidization quality, list experimental techniques, describe recent applications, and gas phase hydrodynamics and uncertainties.

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How do you write and present research well? 10—State the uncertainty, but not too precisely

Abstract: Q10 Significant figures pollute literature data. Do not carry more than your experiments warrant. Order the list below from most certain to most uncertain (in K).[1] 310 °C 583.15 K 310 ∘C ΔT=±1 % 583.15 K ΔT=±1 % b, c, a, d

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote

How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote

How do you write and present research well? 11—Respect SI writing conventions

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds

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How do you write and present research well? 10—State the uncertainty, but not too precisely

Abstract: Q10 Significant figures pollute literature data. Do not carry more than your experiments warrant. Order the list below from most certain to most uncertain (in K).[1] 310 °C 583.15 K 310 ∘C ΔT=±1 % 583.15 K ΔT=±1 % b, c, a, d

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote

How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote

How do you write and present research well? 11—Respect SI writing conventions

Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Reactors—fluidized beds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Abstract: Q10 Significant figures pollute literature data. Do not carry more than your experiments warrant. Order the list below from most certain to most uncertain (in K).[1] 310 °C 583.15 K 310 ∘C ΔT=±1 % 583.15 K ΔT=±1 % b, c, a, d