Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Non‐Woven Plastics: Model‐Free Kinetic Approach

Patnaik, Satyanarayan; Panda, Achyut K.

doi:10.1002/slct.201901114

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although, in literature, there is not enough data related to studies of the pyrolysis kinetics of face masks, however, based on the structure of face masks, they can be classified as a textile waste or Non‐Woven Plastics waste [ 32 , 33 ]. In literature, many researchers have described pyrolysis kinetics of these types of wastes using model-free methods (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Friedman) [ [33] , [34] , [35] ]. However, model-free methods can be used only to determine the activation energies at whole conversion rate, without giving any attention to other kinetics parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of Coronavirus Face Masks

Yousef

Eimontas

Striūgas

et al. 2021

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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In the times of Covid-19, face masks are considered to be the main source of protection against the virus that reduces its spread. These masks are classified as single-use medical products with a very short service life, estimated at few days, hence millions of contaminated masks are generated daily in the form of hazardous materials, what requires to develop a safe method to dispose of them, especially since some of them are loaded with viruses. 3-ply face masks (3PFM) represent the major fraction of this waste and are composed mainly from polypropylene and melt blown filter with high content of volatile substances (96.6 wt.%), what makes pyrolysis treatment an emerging technology that could be used to dispose of face masks and convert them into energy products. In this context, this work aims to study pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of 3PFM. The research started with analysis of 3PFM using elemental analysis, proximate analysis, and compositional analyses. Afterwards, TG-FTIR system was used to study the thermal and chemical decomposition of 3PFM analyzed at different heating rates: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C/min. The GC/MS system was used to observe the synthesized volatile products at the maximum decomposition temperatures. After that, isoconversional methods, the advanced nonlinear integral isoconversional method, and the iterative linear integral isoconversional method were used to determine the activation energies of mask pyrolysis, while the distributed activation energy model and the independent parallel reactions kinetic model were used to fit TGA and DTG curves with deviations below <1. The TGA-DTG results showed that 3PFM can decompose in three different periods with a total weight loss of 95 % and maximum decomposition in the range 405−510 °C, while the FTIR spectra and GC–MS analysis exhibited that – C—H (aromatic and aliphatic) and 2,4-Dimethyl-1-heptene (28–43 % based on heating rate) represented the major compounds in the released volatile components. Finally, Vyazovkin and the iterative linear integral isoconversional methods gave activation energies almost similar to that obtained by the KAS isoconversional method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of Coronavirus Face Masks

Yousef

Eimontas

Striūgas

et al. 2021

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…From the experimental results in Figure1 and table 1, it can be seen that under different heating rates, the decomposition peak temperatures ( T peak ) of RDX were 202.8, 206.2, 211.8 and 211.5 °C, and the decomposition completion temperatures ( T offset ) were 210.5, 218.8, 236.1 and 254.3 °C, respectively. With the increase of heating rate, the decomposition peak temperature and decomposition completion temperature of RDX tend to gradually increased, and the decomposition completion temperature was more significant, which was mainly caused by thermal hysteresis [28] . In addition, because the melting point of RDX was 204.0 °C, the melting endothermic phenomenon occurs simultaneously during the thermal decomposition of RDX, that was, the decomposition peak and melting peak were coupled together, so the total heat release of the experiment could not be accurately integrated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increase of heating rate, the decomposition peak temperature and decomposition completion temperature of RDX tend to gradually increased, and the decomposition completion temperature was more significant, which was mainly caused by thermal hysteresis. [28] In addition, because the melting point of RDX was 204.0°C, the melting endothermic phenomenon occurs simultaneously during the thermal decomposition of RDX, that was, the decomposition peak and melting peak were coupled together, so the total heat release of the experiment could not be accurately integrated. Therefore, the kinetic calculation of RDX could not be based on C600 experimental, and the kinetic analysis should be carried out through TG experiment.…”

Section: C600 Experimental Results and Analysis Of Rdxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Thermal Stability of Octogen and other Energetic Materials (RDX, TNT, NQ, PBT, TDI and HTPB)

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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The Octogen (HMX) and other energetic materials, such as Hexogen (RDX), Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Nitroguanidine (NQ), Polybutylene terephthalate Glycol Ester (PBT), Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), and Hydroxy‐Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) were subjected to linear heating tests by a Microcalorimeter (C600), to obtain thermal decomposition curves. Based on this data, the thermal stability was studied experimentally and theoretically. The decomposition peak and melting peak of RDX were coupled, and the time to reach the maximum weight loss increased with the increase of heating rates. Within a certain experimental error range, the apparent activation energy calculated by different methods was basically consistent in a larger conversion rate range. The thermal stability of other energetic materials, such as RDX, TNT, NQ, PBT, TDI and HTPB in the mixed system of HMX were explored. The results revealed that HMX had salient thermal stability with RDX, PBT and TDI. However, the thermal stability of HMX mixed with TNT, NQ, HTPB and other substances was poor, which promoted the thermal decomposition of each other, resulting in the decrease of thermal decomposition temperature and further decrease of thermal safety of the mixed system. Therefore, HMX should not be placed in the same place as TNT, NQ and HTPB in the actual application process.

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“…The most serious explosion of BPO occurred in the food additive factory in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, in 1993, resulting in 27 deaths. Therefore, scholars had done a lot of researches on BPO . Chen et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Thermal Hazard of Benzoyl Peroxide under Different Environmental Conditions

Tan

Shang

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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Thermal decomposition characteristics of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were preliminary studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microcalorimeter (C600) and high‐pressure calorimeter (DSC 204 HP). DSC and C600 were used to research the effect of thermal history on the thermal decomposition characteristics of BPO. The time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMRad) and the self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) were calculated by combining with the thermal equilibrium equation. The results reveal that the initial decomposition temperature, the highest decomposition temperature and the decomposition completion temperature of BPO increased with the increase of heating rate. The mass scale and thermal history have significant effects on its thermal decomposition. The apparent activation energy of the BPO was calculated by the Kissinger method to be 146.8 kJ mol−1, the apparent activation energy calculated by Friedman method presents that BPO has different apparent activation energy at different stages of the reaction. TD2, TD4, TD8 and TD24 were gained to be 83.5, 80.2, 77.0 and 72.2 °C, respectively. With the increase of the packing quality, the SADT gradually decreased, resulting in a further increased in the risk. To prevent accidents, the initial temperature of BPO should be well governed and massive storage should be avoided.

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Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Non‐Woven Plastics: Model‐Free Kinetic Approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of Coronavirus Face Masks

Pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of Coronavirus Face Masks

Study on the Thermal Stability of Octogen and other Energetic Materials (RDX, TNT, NQ, PBT, TDI and HTPB)

Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Thermal Hazard of Benzoyl Peroxide under Different Environmental Conditions

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