Kinetics of solid acid catalysed etherification of symmetrical primary alcohols: zeolite BEA catalysed etherification of 1-octanol

Abstract

The etherification of 1-octanol catalysed by zeolite BEA was investigated. The kinetics were determined in an open system with almost no water present. The influence of the catalyst particle size, catalyst concentration, temperature, and alcohol concentration was investigated. The apparent activation energy measured for the etherification was 149.8 kJ/mol. The 1-octanol showed an inhibiting effect on the reaction rate, i.e. when the concentration of 1-octanol increased the initial reaction rate decreased. This effect can be explained by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood like mechanism in which an adsorbed alcohol needs an empty neighbouring site to form an active intermediate and split of water. The influence of water on the kinetics was investigated using a closed autoclave set-up. Water showed a strong inhibiting effect on the initial reaction rate of the etherification of 1-octanol.

Efficient Protection of Alcohols with Carboxylic Acids Using a Variety of Heteropolyoxometallates as Catalysts, Studying Effective Reaction Parameters

“…[29][30][31][32] The use of reusable acid catalysts, offer an alterna- The reactions were carried out as described below Table 1. tive and have received a lot of attention in the past few years. [33][34][35][36] It is worth mentioning that heteropolyoxometallate catalysts could be used as recyclable catalysts. The acetylation of 1-phenyl ethanol with acetic acid was chosen as a model substrate for studying of catalyst's reuse and stability.…”

Kinetics of 1-hexanol etherification on Amberlyst 70

“…Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) or its related Eley-Rideal (ER) kinetic models are widely used to represent data of liquid-phase reactions catalyzed by solids [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] but some inaccuracies appear because of the reaction medium-catalyst interaction. Frequently, some reactant or reaction product adsorbs preferably on the catalyst surface, e.g., polar species onto sulfonic styrene/divinylbenzene (S/DVB) resins, leading to a decrease of the reaction rate.…”

Kinetics of the reaction of toluene with benzyl alcohol over a Nafion–silica composite

“…Note that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism suggested for the etherification of benzyl alcohol [2] has, in a similar form, also been proposed for the analogous reaction of 1-octanol over zeolite BEA [21]. A blank with toluene (C TOL = 1.2 mol/l) in cyclohexane, in contact with the catalyst (C cat = 2 g/l) under stirring and nitrogen flow, at 55 8C for 6 h, followed by sample withdrawal and analysis, revealed the aromatic to be stable.…”