Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Specific and Neutralizing Antibodies over Seven Months after Symptom Onset in COVID-19 Patients

Zhu, Liguo; Xu, Xin; Zhu, Baoli; Guo, Xiling; Xu, Ke; Song, Ci; Fu, Jianguang; Yu, Hong‐Ren; Kong, Xiaoxiao; Peng, Jiefu; Huang, Haodi; Zou, Xin; Ding, Yuedi; Bao, Changjun; Zhu, Fengcai; Hu, Zhibin; Wu, Ming; Shen, Hong‐Bin

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00590-21

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A previous study demonstrated that 40% of asymptomatic and 12.9% of symptomatic individuals became seronegative during a study period of 8 weeks [ 20 ]. However, in accordance with the present results, most observations showed that IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 remained relatively stable within a three-to-five-month observation period after symptom onset [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Regular re-exposure to the virus may help sustain higher neutralizing antibody levels by stimulating memory B cells to mount a rapid and effective humoral response [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Defining Antibody Seroprevalence and Duration of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and/or Vaccination in a Greek Community

Kotsiou

Papagiannis

Fradelos

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In this work we aimed to evaluate antibody-response longevity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination in one of the Greek communities that was worst hit by the pandemic, Deskati, five months after a previous serosurveillance and nine months after the pandemic wave initiation (October 2020). Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant method (Architect, Abbott, IL, USA) was used for antibody testing. Results: A total of 69 subjects, who previously tested positive or negative for COVID-19 antibodies, participated in the study. We found that 48% of participants turned positive due to vaccination and 27% of participants were both previously infected and vaccinated. All previously infected participants retained antibodies to the virus, irrespective of their vaccination status. The antibody titers were significantly higher in previously infected participants that had been vaccinated than those who were unvaccinated and in those that had been previously hospitalized for COVID-19 than those with mild disease. Conclusions: Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were maintained nine months after the pandemic. Vaccination alone had generated an immune response in almost half of the population. Higher antibody titers were found in the case of vaccination in previously infected subjects and especially in those with severe disease leading to hospitalization

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Defining Antibody Seroprevalence and Duration of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and/or Vaccination in a Greek Community

Kotsiou

Papagiannis

Fradelos

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our 8-month follow-up, we also reported that 76% of the patients still had detectable Neutralizing Antibodies (NAb) (1). Many studies reported short-term follow-up observations of less than 6 months (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), whereas others reported longitudinal observations, typically spanning less than 12 months post symptom onset (1,4,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Some studies reported contraction of anti-COVID humoral responses with a stronger initial decline (1,4,(23)(24)(25)27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…An important aspect of monitoring humoral responses has been having access to plasma from the same patients over 14 months. Most reports were based on cross-sectional analysis spanning less than 6 months (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) or up to 12 months (1,4,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Depending on the patient cohort, several studies reported a stronger initial contraction (1,4,(23)(24)(25)27) of anti-COVID humoral responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody responses after infection provides information relevant to understanding protection against COVID-19 in humans. We report the results of a sequential evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent patients with a median follow-up of 14 months (range 12.4-15.4) post first symptom onset. We report persistence of antibodies for all four specificities tested [Spike, Spike Receptor Binding Domain (Spike-RBD), Nucleocapsid, Nucleocapsid RNA Binding Domain (N-RBD)]. Anti-Spike antibodies persist better than anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies. The durability analysis supports a bi-phasic antibody decay with longer half-lives of antibodies after 6 months and antibody persistence for up to 14 months. Patients infected with the Wuhan (WA1) strain maintained strong cross-reactive recognition of Alpha and Delta Spike-RBD but significantly reduced binding to Beta and Mu Spike-RBD. Sixty percent of convalescent patients with detectable WA1-specific NAb also showed strong neutralization of the Delta variant, the prevalent strain of the present pandemic. These data show that convalescent patients maintain functional antibody responses for more than one year after infection, suggesting a strong long-lasting response after symptomatic disease that may offer a prolonged protection against re-infection. One patient from this cohort showed strong increase of both Spike and Nucleocapsid antibodies at 14 months post-infection indicating SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure. These antibodies showed stronger cross-reactivity to a panel of Spike-RBD including Beta, Delta and Mu and neutralization of a panel of Spike variants including Beta and Gamma. This patient provides an example of strong anti-Spike recall immunity able to control infection at an asymptomatic level. Together, the antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients persist over 14 months and continue to maintain cross-reactivity to the current variants of concern and show strong functional properties.

show abstract

“…Based on serological studies of naturally infected populations, IgM antibodies are the first to be expressed and are mainly present in the circulation, promoting antigenic modulation (2,3). IgG antibodies begin to appear later in the immune response because they undergo affinity maturation through somatic mutations, resulting in high affinity for the target antigen and an enhanced ability to neutralise the pathogen (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Impact of Inactivated Vaccine on SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Based on a COVID-19 Patients Cohort

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundUnderstanding the long-term kinetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the impact of inactivated vaccines on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent patients can provide information for developing and improving vaccination strategies in such populations.MethodsIn this cohort, 402 convalescent patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR from 1 January to 22 June 2020 in Jiangsu, China, were enrolled. The epidemiological data included demographics, symptom onset, and vaccination history. Blood samples were collected and tested for antibody levels of specific IgG, IgM, RBD-IgG, S-IgG, and neutralizing antibodies using a the commercial magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay.ResultsThe median follow-up time after symptom onset was 15.6 months (IQR, 14.6 to 15.8). Of the 402 convalescent patients, 44 (13.84%) received an inactivated vaccine against COVID-19. A total of 255 (80.19%) patients were IgG-positive and 65 (20.44%) were IgM-positive. The neutralizing antibody was 83.02%. Compared with non-vaccinated individuals, the IgG antibody levels in vaccinated people were higher (P=0.007). Similarly, antibody levels for RBD-IgG, S-IgG, and neutralizing antibodies were all highly increased in vaccinated individuals (P<0.05). IgG levels were significantly higher after vaccination than before vaccination in the same population. IgG levels in those who received ‘single dose and ≥14d’ were similar to those with two doses (P>0.05). Similar conclusions were drawn for RBD-IgG and the neutralizing antibody.Conclusion15.6 months after symptom onset, the majority of participants remained positive for serum-specific IgG, RBD-IgG, S-IgG, and neutralizing antibodies. For convalescent patients, a single dose of inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 can further boost antibody titres.

show abstract

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Specific and Neutralizing Antibodies over Seven Months after Symptom Onset in COVID-19 Patients

Abstract: The long-term characteristics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. Tracking the longevity of these antibodies can provide a forward-looking reference for monitoring COVID-19.

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Defining Antibody Seroprevalence and Duration of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and/or Vaccination in a Greek Community

Defining Antibody Seroprevalence and Duration of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and/or Vaccination in a Greek Community

Sequential Analysis of Binding and Neutralizing Antibody in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients at 14 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Long-Term Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Impact of Inactivated Vaccine on SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Based on a COVID-19 Patients Cohort

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About