Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses pre- and post- COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion in patients with severe respiratory failure: an observational case-control study

Klein, Marissa; Wang, Elizabeth Wenqian; Zimand, Paul; Beauchamp, H.; Donis, Caitlin; Ward, Matthew D.; Martinez-Hernandez, Aidaelis; Tabatabai, Ali; Baddley, John W.; Bloch, Evan M.; Mullins, Kristin; Fontaine, Magali J.

doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.20247007

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The literature search yielded 780 studies, of which 128 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review (Supplemental Figure 1, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org). The analyses included a total of 10 RCTs, 13,17,18,[26][27][28][29][30][31] 20 matched control studies, 14,16,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] 2 dose-response studies, 51,52 and 96 case series or case reports. 3,14,15,43, Overall, these studies reported outcomes from 35,055 patients with COVID-19 in 31 countries (Tables 1 and 2; Supplemental Table 3, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Klassen¹,

Senefeld²,

Johnson³

et al. 2021

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

135

152

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To determine the effect of COVID-19 convalescent plasma on mortality, we aggregated patient outcome data from 10 randomized clinical trials (RCT), 20 matched-control studies, two dose-response studies, and 96 case-reports or case-series. Studies published between January 1, 2020 – January 16, 2021 were identified through a systematic search of online PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Random-effects analyses of RCT and matched-control data demonstrated that COVID-19 patients transfused with convalescent plasma exhibited a lower mortality rate compared to patients receiving standard treatments. Additional analyses showed that early transfusion (within 3 days of hospital admission) of higher-titer plasma is associated with lower patient mortality. These data provide evidence favoring the efficacy of human convalescent plasma as a therapeutic agent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Klassen¹,

Senefeld²,

Johnson³

et al. 2021

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

135

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding the comparison of immune response between CP recipients and non-CP-treated patients, Klein et al showed similar Spike-RBD kinetics between a cohort of 34 CP recipients compared to a matched control group; however, in this study, CP was given at a median of 11 days from symptom onset. Delayed intervention might explain the null effect on CP kinetics [ 33 ]. Similarly, the PlasmAr study showed increased antibody levels only on day 2 following CP infusion compared to controls, whereas no differences were observed at the subsequent time points evaluated [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Nucleocapsid, Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies, and Viral Load in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with Convalescent Plasma

Thomopoulos

Rosati

Terpos

et al. 2021

Viruses

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COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Despite meticulous research, only dexamethasone has shown consistent mortality reduction. Convalescent plasma (CP) infusion might also develop into a safe and effective treatment modality on the basis of recent studies and meta-analyses; however, little is known regarding the kinetics of antibodies in CP recipients. To evaluate the kinetics, we followed 31 CP recipients longitudinally enrolled at a median of 3 days post symptom onset for changes in binding and neutralizing antibody titers and viral loads. Antibodies against the complete trimeric Spike protein and the receptor-binding domain (Spike-RBD), as well as against the complete Nucleocapsid protein and the RNA binding domain (N-RBD) were determined at baseline and weekly following CP infusion. Neutralizing antibody (pseudotype NAb) titers were determined at the same time points. Viral loads were determined semi-quantitatively by SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Patients with low humoral responses at entry showed a robust increase of antibodies to all SARS-CoV-2 proteins and Nab, reaching peak levels within 2 weeks. The rapid increase in binding and neutralizing antibodies was paralleled by a concomitant clearance of the virus within the same timeframe. Patients with high humoral responses at entry demonstrated low or no further increases; however, virus clearance followed the same trajectory as in patients with low antibody response at baseline. Together, the sequential immunological and virological analysis of this well-defined cohort of patients early in infection shows the presence of high levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies and potent clearance of the virus.

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“…Moreover, convalescent plasma [185,186] and monoclonal neutralizing antibodies [187,188] have relatively limited effects on COVID-19 evolution. Finally, neutralizing antibodies comprise a heterogeneous array of antibodies of different isotypes, affinities, kinetics, functionality, and specificities [104,105,184,189,190] making it unrealistic to assign a single effect to them.…”

Section: The Quest For Correlates Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: a critical appraisal

Tosta

2021

Explor Immunol

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Understanding the interactions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with humans is deeply grounded in immunology, from the diagnosis to pathogenesis, from the clinical presentations to the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. However, the difficulty of capturing the complex and changeable array of immunological concepts and incorporating them into the strategies of control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses significant hindrances to establish optimal public health policies. The contribution of immunology to the control of the pandemic is to shed light on the features and mechanisms of the protective immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines. Do they induce effective protective immunity? How? For how long? What is the effect of vaccination on individuals who were previously infected? To appropriately answer these questions, it is necessary to get rid of the outdated notion of a naïve, static, and closed immune system, which leads to misconceptions about susceptibility, specificity, immunological memory, and protective immunity. The present essay discusses these issues based on current immunological concepts.

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Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses pre- and post- COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion in patients with severe respiratory failure: an observational case-control study

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Kinetics of Nucleocapsid, Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies, and Viral Load in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with Convalescent Plasma

The protective immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: a critical appraisal

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