Kinetics of liquid phase synthesis oftert-amyl methyl ether fromtert-amyl alcohol and methanol catalyzed by ion exchange resin

Abstract

Synthesis of tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) from methanol (MeOH) and tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) in the liquid phase was studied by using an ion exchange resin, Amberlyst15 (A15) in the H ϩ form. Experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor under atmospheric pressure. The effects of catalyst size, agitation speed, temperatures, feed ratio and water on the reaction rate were investigated. Both of intraparticle and external diffusion effects could be neglected in this system. The dehydration of TAA could be decreased by increasing the ratio of MeOH/TAA and the reaction rates were greatly inhibited by water.A kinetic model which considered the inhibition of water was proposed. The experimental results agreed well with the model.

Kinetics of 1-hexanol etherification on Amberlyst 70

“…Frequently, some reactant or reaction product adsorbs preferably on the catalyst surface, e.g., polar species onto sulfonic styrene/divinylbenzene (S/DVB) resins, leading to a decrease of the reaction rate. This rate-inhibiting effect of polar species on S/DVB resins is sometimes used to control selectivity to intermediate products in series reactions [8][9][10][11], however this effect is undesirable when such polar species, in particular water, are reaction products [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. To quantify the effect of reaction medium-catalyst interaction, empirical corrections are suggested in the open literature.…”

“…Such factor is analogous to those mostly used to describe catalyst deactivation by poisoning and, at first sight, it can be seen as the fraction of active centers free of water [20][21][22] …”

Kinetic study of 1‐butanol dehydration to di‐n‐butyl ether over Amberlyst 70

“…The main goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive kinetic analysis of DNBE synthesis on the acidic resin Amberlyst 70 in the liquid phase at the temperature range of 413–473 K. Particular emphasis was placed on high water contents given its inhibitory effect …”

Water effect on the kinetics of 1-pentanol dehydration to di-n-pentyl ether (DNPE) on amberlyst 70

“…Equation 1 fitted rate data well, but at higher temperatures some deviations appeared as water was produced (see figure 1). Langmuir-Hinshelwood or ER kinetic models are widely used to represent rate data of liquid-phase reactions of alcohol dehydration to ether [2][3][4][5]. However, in the presence of acidic styrene-DVB resins some inaccuracies appear because of the reaction medium-catalyst interaction.…”

“…The approach, as can be seen in table 1, is to split off the rate constant into two factors as a product of the true rate constant, k o , and an inhibition factor, which should take values between 0 and 1 and depends on temperature and water concentration in the liquid-phase. At first sight it can be seen as the fraction of active centres free of water [5,12,13], i.e,…”