Abstract:Petroleum is non-renewable and contributes to environmental pollution, thus biooil can be substituted as a potential alternative. However, bio-oil in its crude form cannot be used directly as fuel since it contains high proportion of oxygenated, acidic and reactive compounds such as carboxylic acids. These are known to cause corrosion of vessels and pipework, instability and phase separation. The heating value of bio-oil can be improved through hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). In this study, HDO of acetic acid is pre… Show more
“…e hydrogenation of aqueous acetic acid over Pt or Ru based catalysts has been summarized in Table S3. e hydrogenation of acetic acid is reported to be in accordance with the H 2 pressure (Lawal et al, 2019). Because the hydro- gen pressure in our reaction was much lower than that in previous studies, the relatively low catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of aqueous acetic acid was observed over the Pt-NP and SnPt-NP (Sn/Pt=0.32).…”
Section: In Uence Of the Sn X Pt Y Alloy Structure On Thesupporting
This paper reports on monometallic Pt nanoparticle (Pt-NP) and bimetallic SnPt nanoparticle (SnPt-NP) catalysts with di erent Sn x Pt y alloy structures. The catalysts were fabricated using a polyalcohol reduction process, and the catalytic activity of each alloy phase for the hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol was investigated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results con rmed that SnPt-NP catalysts with di erent Sn/Pt atomic ratios can be successfully synthesized by controlling the Sn/Pt atomic ratios of each metal precursor (platinum(II) acetylacetonate and tin(II) acetate) in the starting mixture during a polyalcohol reduction process. Analyses by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and X-ray di raction (XRD) indicated the formation of uniform Sn 1 Pt 3 and Sn 1 Pt 1 alloy structures in the SnPt at Sn/Pt atomic ratios of 0.32 and 1.09, respectively. Compared with the monometallic Pt metal phase in the Pt-NP catalysts, the Sn 1 Pt 3 alloy phase markedly accelerated the hydrogenation of acetic acid. However, hydrogenation of acetic acid was not observed over the SnPt-NP catalysts at Sn/Pt 1.09, suggesting that the Sn 1 Pt 1 alloy phase is inactive for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to corresponding alcohols. Therefore, we conclude that the Sn 1 Pt 3 alloy phase is the most e ective bimetallic SnPt alloy phase for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids.
“…e hydrogenation of aqueous acetic acid over Pt or Ru based catalysts has been summarized in Table S3. e hydrogenation of acetic acid is reported to be in accordance with the H 2 pressure (Lawal et al, 2019). Because the hydro- gen pressure in our reaction was much lower than that in previous studies, the relatively low catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of aqueous acetic acid was observed over the Pt-NP and SnPt-NP (Sn/Pt=0.32).…”
Section: In Uence Of the Sn X Pt Y Alloy Structure On Thesupporting
This paper reports on monometallic Pt nanoparticle (Pt-NP) and bimetallic SnPt nanoparticle (SnPt-NP) catalysts with di erent Sn x Pt y alloy structures. The catalysts were fabricated using a polyalcohol reduction process, and the catalytic activity of each alloy phase for the hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol was investigated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results con rmed that SnPt-NP catalysts with di erent Sn/Pt atomic ratios can be successfully synthesized by controlling the Sn/Pt atomic ratios of each metal precursor (platinum(II) acetylacetonate and tin(II) acetate) in the starting mixture during a polyalcohol reduction process. Analyses by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and X-ray di raction (XRD) indicated the formation of uniform Sn 1 Pt 3 and Sn 1 Pt 1 alloy structures in the SnPt at Sn/Pt atomic ratios of 0.32 and 1.09, respectively. Compared with the monometallic Pt metal phase in the Pt-NP catalysts, the Sn 1 Pt 3 alloy phase markedly accelerated the hydrogenation of acetic acid. However, hydrogenation of acetic acid was not observed over the SnPt-NP catalysts at Sn/Pt 1.09, suggesting that the Sn 1 Pt 1 alloy phase is inactive for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to corresponding alcohols. Therefore, we conclude that the Sn 1 Pt 3 alloy phase is the most e ective bimetallic SnPt alloy phase for catalyzing the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids.
“…To isolate the contribution of the pre-exponential factor in this catalytic system, we prepared a series of supported Pt catalysts in stages (small Pt particles, <4 nm, were successfully used in other connement strategies 22,23 ). First, a platinum precursor was impregnated on g-Al 2 O 3 using incipient wetness impregnation.…”
“…Ethanol (purity 99%), hexane (HPLC grade, 95%), and ethyl acetate (99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK. 4% Pt/TiO2 was chosen from catalyst screening in our previous study [12]. In addition, the method of catalyst preparation has been acknowledged in the same study [12].…”
This paper reports the optimization of process factors using the Taguchi method towards the conversion of acetic acid and ethanol yield during the hydrogenation of acetic acid over 4% Pt/TiO2. The acidity of 4% Pt/TiO2 was characterized using NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption analysis (NH3-TPD). Afterwards, the effect of temperature on the hydrogenation of acetic acid as an individual feed was investigated. The reaction space explored in the following ranges: temperature 80-200 °C, pressure 10-40 bar, time 1-4 h, catalyst 0.1-0.4 g and stirring speed 400-1000 min−1 using 4% Pt/TiO2, was investigated for the optimization study, while the effect of temperature was studied in a temperature range of 145 to 200 °C. NH3-TPD analysis reveals that moderate acidity was suitable for the hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol. It was also found that 200 °C, 40 bar, 4 h, 0.4 g and 1000 min−1 for acetic acid conversion, and 160 °C, 40 bar, 4 h, 0.4 g and 1000 min−1 were the optimum conditions for ethanol production. In addition, the selectivity of ethanol was favored at lower temperatures which decreases with increasing temperature.
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