Kinetics of Foxp3-expressing regulatory cells in experimental Toxocara canis infection

Othman, Ahmad A.; Elshourbagy, S; Soliman, Rabie

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2010.10.005

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These cells were detected within and around Toxocara-induced granulomas as well as in isolated inflammatory foci in the portal tracts or within the hepatic parenchyma. The authors suggest a potential role for Foxp3-expressing regulatory cells in the T. canis induced immunopathology [88].…”

Section: Immune Responses To Toxocara Infections and Its Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara infection and its Association with Allergic Manifestations

Pinelli¹,

Aranzamendi

2012

EMIDDT

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Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are roundworms of dogs and cats that can also infect humans worldwide. Although these parasites do not reach the adult stage in the human host the larvae migrate to different organs and can persist for many years. Migration of larvae through the lungs may result in respiratory distress such as wheezing, coughs, mucous production and hyper-reactivity of the airways. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that infection with this helminth contributes to the development of allergic manifestations, including asthma. These findings are however conflicting since in others studies no association between these two immunopathologies has been found. This article reviews information on Toxocara spp. and findings from epidemiological and experimental studies on the association between Toxocara infection and allergic manifestations. In addition, the immunological mechanisms and the factors involved in the helminth allergy-association are discussed.

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Section: Immune Responses To Toxocara Infections and Its Association mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara infection and its Association with Allergic Manifestations

Pinelli¹,

Aranzamendi

2012

EMIDDT

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“…Another facet that remains incompletely understood is the driving force behind iTreg induction. During helminth infections there is a general expansion of Treg (CD4 + CD25 hi Foxp3 + ) but this development remains in a homeostatic relationship to CD4 + T effector cells (Layland et al, 2007, 2010; Blankenhaus et al, 2011; Othman et al, 2011). It is the failure to expand that causes deviations in the immune responses and usually results in exaggerated immunopathology (Layland et al, 2007; McSorley et al, 2008).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Treg Induction Via Tlr-triggering Helminth Commentioning

confidence: 99%

TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection

Ludwig‐Portugall¹,

Layland²

2012

Front. Immun.

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Commonly described as masters of regulation parasitic helminth infections provide a fascinating insight into the complexity of our immune system. As with many other pathogens helminths have developed complex evasion strategies and the immune response of the host has to find a balance between eliciting severe damage to eliminate the parasite or limiting damage and thereby accepting the infection. Nevertheless, one should not forget that these infections still pose a serious public health problem and can elicit severe disfigurement or death in the individual. An interesting spin-off of helminth manipulation on host responses is the apparent prevention of autoimmune diseases or allergy although the actual mechanisms remain unclear. It is well known that Toll-like-receptors (TLR) and non-TLR PRRs play a critical role in initiating innate immune responses which in turn create appropriate adaptive immune reactions. Helminths comprise of a multitude of (glyco)-proteins and (glyco)-lipids and some have been shown to trigger TLR, or alter TLR-mediated responses. Such reactions of course alter adaptive immunity as well. This review will address the consequences of TLR-triggering by helminth antigens and the downstream effect on B cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) actions.

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“…While widely accepted, Th2-type response in clearing helminth infections has limitations [11, 13–17], its role in mediating protection against toxocariasis in paratenic hosts is not clear, mainly because reinfection in toxocariasis favors parasite survival [18]. Recent advances in the immunobiology of T. canis indicate that regulatory mechanisms are raised after infection; mainly T regulatory cells have been involved in limiting pathologic damage by the inflammatory response [19]; however, there are few data regarding on mechanism of protection or susceptibility against such parasite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 6 Signaling Contributes to Control Host Lung Pathology but Favors Susceptibility againstToxocara canisInfection

Faz-López

Ledesma-Soto

Romero-Sánchez

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Using STAT6−/− BALB/c mice, we have analyzed the role of STAT6-induced Th2 response in determining the outcome of experimental toxocariasis caused by embryonated eggs of the helminth parasite Toxocara canis. Following T. canis infection wild-type BALB/c mice developed a strong Th2-like response, produced high levels of IgG1, IgE, and IL-4, recruited alternatively activated macrophages, and displayed a moderate pathology in the lungs; however, they harbored heavy parasite loads in different tissues. In contrast, similarly infected STAT6−/− BALB/c mice mounted a weak Th2-like response, did not recruit alternatively activated macrophages, displayed a severe pathology in the lungs, but efficiently controlled T. canis infection. These findings demonstrate that Th2-like response induced via STAT6-mediated signaling pathway mediates susceptibility to larval stage of T. canis. Furthermore, they also indicate that unlike most gastrointestinal helminths, immunity against larvae of T. canis is not mediated by a Th2-dominant response.

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Kinetics of Foxp3-expressing regulatory cells in experimental Toxocara canis infection

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Toxocara infection and its Association with Allergic Manifestations

Toxocara infection and its Association with Allergic Manifestations

TLRs, Treg, and B Cells, an Interplay of Regulation during Helminth Infection

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Factor 6 Signaling Contributes to Control Host Lung Pathology but Favors Susceptibility againstToxocara canisInfection

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