Toxocara infection and its Association with Allergic Manifestations

Pinelli, Elena; Aranzamendi, Carmen

doi:10.2174/187153012799278956

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Peripheral eosinophilia is not always specific to toxocariasis, but it has been frequently associated to human toxocariasis, especially in young children who seem to have a more symptomatic course of the disease 16,21 . The increase of IL5, resulting from a dominant type of Th2 response, leads to eosinophilia in Toxocara infections 20,22 . PALUDO et al 17 suggested that eosinophilic patients may be associated with toxocariasis 149 times more than seronegative patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission occurs by the accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis or T. cati, the roundworms of dogs and cats, respectively, which may be present in soil and contaminated sand 16,20,22 with the feces of these animals 9,13,23,24 . The migration of Toxocara infective larvae through human tissues does not result in severe clinical manifestations in most cases 18,20,22 . However, it may cause fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory symptoms, muscle pain, ocular damage and eosinophilia, and circulating antiToxocara IgG antibodies are often present 2,11,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The migration of Toxocara infective larvae through human tissues does not result in severe clinical manifestations in most cases 18,20,22 . However, it may cause fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory symptoms, muscle pain, ocular damage and eosinophilia, and circulating antiToxocara IgG antibodies are often present 2,11,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the systemic form, pulmonary involvement is shown through asthmatic episodes and/ or acute bronchitis and eosinophilia 12,18,20 . These symptoms are due to an increase in inflammatory cells (macrophages and eosinophils) and a change in the host lymphocyte subpopulation in response to antigens secreted by the migrating larvae of T. canis 12,25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method of choice for both immunodiagnostic and epidemiological studies is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using the excretory-secretory antigens of infective larvae of T. canis (TES), which possess high sensitivity and specificity 6,20,25 . Many studies concerning the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children have been conducted in Brazil reporting 12.1-60.0% in the northeast 9,22,26 , 3.0-35.5% in the midwest 9,22 , 21.5-52.0% in the north 9,22 and 2.8-54.8% in the southeast 9,22,25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in Paraná State, Brazil

Guilherme¹,

Marchioro

Araújo³

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used tool to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies for both serodiagnostic and seroepidemiological surveys on human toxocariasis. In the last eight years a high prevalence of toxocariasis (32.2-56.0%) has been reported in children attending public health units from municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the frequency found among the general child population with that of children attending a public pneumology service in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil and describe the laboratorial, clinical and epidemiological findings. The research was conducted at the Consórcio Público Intermunicipal de Saúde do Setentrião Paranaense (CISAMUSEP) from July 2009 to July 2010 among children aged between one and 15 years. From a total of 167 children studied, only 4.2% (7/167) tested positive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies and presented mild eosinophilia (2/7), increased serum IgE levels (6/7) and a positive allergy test for mites (5/7). The presence of pets (dogs or cats) at home did not correlate with the seroprevalence. In conclusion, cases of toxocariasis involving the respiratory tract are rare in children attending a public health pneumology unit in the northwestern region of Paraná State, despite the high prevalence of this type of toxocariasis among the infantile population attending Basic Health Units in the same geographical area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Toxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in Paraná State, Brazil

Guilherme¹,

Marchioro

Araújo³

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation

Bakhshani,

Parande Shirvan,

Sadr

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundThe hygiene hypothesis suggests that early life exposure to helminth infections can reduce hypersensitivity in the immune system.ObjectiveThe present study aims to evaluate the effects of Toxocara cati (T. cati) somatic products on allergic airway inflammation.MethodsBetween 2018 and 2020, T. cati adult worms were collected from stray cats in Mashhad, Iran (31 out of 186 cats), and their somatic extract was collected. Thirty BALB/c mice were equally divided into three groups, including the OVA group (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin), the somatic administered group (received somatic extract along with ovalbumin sensitization), and the PBS group (sensitized and challenged with phosphate buffer saline). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected to assess the number of cells, and lung homogenates were prepared for cytokine analysis. Histopathological analysis of the lungs was performed, and inflammatory cells and mucus were detected. Cytokine levels (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ovalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined using a capture ELISA.ResultsThe somatic group significantly decreased regarding the lung pathological changes, including peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and eosinophil influx, compared to the group treated with ovalbumin alone. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐5 and an increase in the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, indicating a shift toward a more balanced immune response. The number of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid was also significantly reduced in the somatic group, indicating a decrease in inflammation.ConclusionThese preclinical findings suggest that in experimental models, T. cati somatic extract exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating allergic airway inflammation. Its observed effects on immune response modulation and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration warrant further investigation in clinical studies to assess its efficacy and safety in human patients.

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Toxocara canis in household dogs: prevalence, risk factors and owners’ attitude towards deworming

et al. 2014

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The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and risk factors for shedding of Toxocara eggs were determined for 916 Dutch household dogs older than 6 months. Additionally, the owners answered a questionnaire about their dogs and their attitude towards routine deworming was assessed. Faecal samples were examined using the centrifugal sedimentation flotation method. The overall prevalence of dogs shedding Toxocara eggs was 4.6 %. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for 1-7-year-old dogs to shed Toxocara eggs was significantly lower (OR 0.38) than that of 6-12-month-old dogs. Compared to dogs walking ≤20 % of the time off-leash, those ranging freely 50-80 % and 80-100 % of the time had a significantly higher risk (OR 10.49 and 13.52, respectively) of shedding Toxocara eggs. Other risk factors were coprophagy (OR 2.44) and recently being kenneled (OR 2.76). Although the applied deworming frequency was not significantly associated with shedding Toxocara eggs, there was a trend towards no shedding in dogs under strict supervision that were dewormed 3-4 times a year. Most dog owners (68 %) recognized 'dog's health' as the main reason for deworming. Only 16 % of dogs were dewormed four times a year. It was concluded that the prevalence of Toxocara egg-shedding household dogs is almost unchanged over recent years and that the knowledge of owners is insufficient to expect sound decisions on routine deworming.

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Toxocara infection and its Association with Allergic Manifestations

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Toxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in Paraná State, Brazil

Toxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in Paraná State, Brazil

Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation

Toxocara canis in household dogs: prevalence, risk factors and owners’ attitude towards deworming

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