Kinetics of esterification of propanoic acid with methanol over a fibrous polymer-supported sulphonic acid catalyst

Lilja, Johanna; Aumo, Jeannette; Salmi, Tapio; Murzin, Dmitry Yu.; Mäki‐Arvela, Päivi; Sundell, Mats; Ekman, Kenneth B.; Peltonen, R.; Vainio, H.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00981-4

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition to the energy efficiency, many kinds of renewable energy, carbon capture and storage, nuclear power and new transport technologies must http be widely deployed to reach the emission goals [3]. Esterification reactions can be carried out without a catalyst, although the reactions are, in worst cases, extremely slow because the rate is dependent on the autoprotolysis of the carboxylic acid [4]. Typically esterification reactions require days or even months to reach the equilibrium in the absence of a catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of fatty acids with ethanol over layered zinc laurate and zinc stearate – Kinetic modeling

Paiva

Sterchele

Corazza

et al. 2015

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sModeling of long chain FFA with ethanol was performed using EleyRideal approach. No diffusional limitations were found with zinc carboxylic salts. High hydrophobic behavior was observed with zinc laurate. Ethanolysis of FFA reached 92% and catalytic gain compared to blanks reached 40%. Structural changes in the catalyst were observed which exchange FFA with the medium. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a b s t r a c tThis work is focused on the esterification of fatty acids (commercial oleic mix) with zinc carboxylates (layered metal soap). About 25 experiments were performed, with and without catalyst, yielding a kinetic model based on the Eley-Rideal approach, able to predict fatty acid conversions under different conditions (molar ratio fatty acids/ethanol and temperature). An apparent first order reaction with respect to both reactants with no diffusion limitations was proposed. The activation energy of 80 kJ/mol was found. Fatty acid conversion up to 92% was reached under some conditions and the catalytic yields compared to the blank ones reached 40% in less than 90 min of reaction. This catalyst has shown a unique behavior among all other catalysts available for esterification, acting similarly to a homogeneous catalyst during the reaction but being recovered like a heterogenous catalyst at the end of the process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of fatty acids with ethanol over layered zinc laurate and zinc stearate – Kinetic modeling

Paiva

Sterchele

Corazza

et al. 2015

Fuel

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“…Under appropriate conditions, aldehydes and ketones will react with alcohols to produce hemiacetals and acetals in high yields (Guthrie, 1975). The extent of the propanoic acid/methanol esterification reaction was found to be dependent on reaction time and concentration of acid (Lilja et al, 2002). In the case of toluene, the presence of this extra peak can induce errors in its quantitation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of five concentration level L-WS, only the medium level (e.g., 40 ng μL -1 ) was selected for this purpose. Samples were injected a few minutes after preparation to reduce potential analyte losses over time which can possibly occur depending on solvent types, e.g, the fatty acids in methanol yielding methyl esters (Lilja et al, 2002). The identical amounts of standard sample (1 μL) prepared in three solvents were injected at varying intervals (single injection for each interval in this order: pentane, methanol, and hexane).…”

Section: The Importance Of the Time Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Approaches for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Its Performance Assessment in Terms of Solvent Types and the Related Matrix Effects

Ullah¹,

Kim²,

Szulejko³

et al. 2017

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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For the quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the use of a proper solvent is crucial to reduce the chance of biased results or effect of interference either in direct analysis by a gas chromatograph (GC) or with thermal desorption analysis due to matrix effects, e.g., the existence of a broad solvent peak tailing that overlaps early eluters. In this work, the relative performance of different solvents has been evaluated using standards containing 19 VOCs in three different solvents (methanol, pentane, and hexane). Comparison of the response factor of the detected VOCs confirms their means for methanol and hexane higher than that of pentane by 84% and 27%, respectively. In light of the solvent vapor pressure at the initial GC column temperature (35°C), the enhanced sensitivity in methanol suggests the potential role of solvent vapor expansion in the hot injector (split ON) which leads to solvent trapping on the column. In contrast, if the recurrent relationships between homologues were evaluated using an effective carbon number (ECN) additivity approach, the comparability assessed in terms of percent difference improved on the order of methanol (26.5%), hexane (6.73%), and pentane (5.24%). As such, the relative performance of GC can be affected considerably in the direct injection-based analysis of VOC due to the selection of solvent.

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“…Çalışmada kullanılan yeni nesil katalizör olan Smopex-101 literatürde farklı alkollerin esterleşme reaksiyonlarında kullanılmış ve iyon değiştirici reçine katalizörler olan Amberlyst gruplarından daha etkili oldukları belirtilmiştir. [16,17].…”

Section: şEkil 1 Gliserinin Asetik Asitle Esterleşme Reaksiyonu (Estunclassified

Bi̇yodi̇zel Yan Ürünü Gli̇seri̇ni̇n Esterleşme Ve Aseti̇lasyonu İle Değerli̇ Ki̇myasallarin Üreti̇mi̇

Ekinci¹,

Gündüz²,

Oktar³

2015

Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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ÖZETÇevreci bir yakıt olan biyodizel çeşitli avantajlarından ötürü dizel yakıta alternatif bir yakıttır. Bitkisel yağın metanol veya etanol ile transesterleşmesiyle biyodizel üretilmekte ve yan ürün olarak önemli miktarda gliserin oluşmaktadır. Gliserinin asetik asitle esterleşmesi biyodizel üretiminden kaynaklanan artan gliserinin değerlendirilmesi açısından alternatif bir çözüm teşkil eder. Yapılan çalışmada gliserinin asetik asitle esterleşme reaksiyonu Smopex-101 varlığında sıvı faz kesikli otoklav reaktörde incelenmiştir. Yapılan reaksiyon çalışmalarında oda sıcaklığında oldukça kısa sürede (25 dakika) %100 gliserin dönüşümüne ulaşılmıştır. Reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve başlangıç reaktan molar oranlarının gliserin dönüşümü ve ürün seçiciliği açısından etkisi incelenmiştir. En yüksek diasetin (%77) ve triasetin (%23) seçiciliğine 363K'de ve gliserin/asetik asit;1/12 molar oranında ulaşılmıştır. Triasetin seçiciliğini artırmaya yönelik asetil klorür ile Smopex-101 varlığında asetilasyon reaksiyonu gerçekleştirimiştir. Oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda 1200 dakika sonunda %60 triasetin seçiciliğine ulaşılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Smopex-101, gliserin, esterleşme, asetilasyon PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE CHEMICALS VIA ESTERIFICATION AND ACETYLATION OF GLYCEROL, BY-PRODUCT OF BIODIESEL ABSTRACTBiodiesel is an alternative fuel to gasoline due to its environmental and economical benefits. Glycerol is the main by-product of the biodiesel production by transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol or ethanol. The esterification of glycerol with acetic acid can be a good choice for utilization of by-product glycerol. In this work esterification of glycerol with acetic acid was performed in liquid phase autoclave batch reactor in the presence of Smopex-101. Complete glycerol conversion was achieved in the reaction studies even at room temperatures. Effects of reaction temperatures and initial reactant molar ratios on the glycerol conversions and product selectivity were also investigated. The maximum diacetin (77 %) and triacetin (23 %) selectivities were achieved at 363 K and glycerol/acetic acid; 1/12 molar ratio. Acetylation reactions were performed with acetyl chloride in the presence of Smopex-101 in order to increase triacetin selectivity. 66 % triacetin selectivity was achieved in acetylation reaction studies in a period of 1200 minutes at room temperature.

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Kinetics of esterification of propanoic acid with methanol over a fibrous polymer-supported sulphonic acid catalyst

Cited by 93 publications

References 13 publications

Esterification of fatty acids with ethanol over layered zinc laurate and zinc stearate – Kinetic modeling

Esterification of fatty acids with ethanol over layered zinc laurate and zinc stearate – Kinetic modeling

Quantitative Approaches for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Its Performance Assessment in Terms of Solvent Types and the Related Matrix Effects

Bi̇yodi̇zel Yan Ürünü Gli̇seri̇ni̇n Esterleşme Ve Aseti̇lasyonu İle Değerli̇ Ki̇myasallarin Üreti̇mi̇

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