Kinetics of crack-sealing, intergranular pressure solution, and compaction around active faults

Renard, François; Gratier, Jean‐Pierre; Jamtveit, Bjørn

doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(00)00064-x

Cited by 208 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Such microstructures are widely found in carbonate and sandstone rocks, often in association with evidence for grain scale microfracturing and cracking healing [Renard et al, 2000, Gratier et al, 2003. However, evidence for IPS and localized zones of pressure solution, such as stylolites, is perhaps most common in carbonate rocks [Bathurst, 1958;Tada and Siever, 1989;Renard et al, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under steady state conditions, the slowest of these three processes controls the strain rate [Lehner, 1990;Renard et al, 2000;Spiers et al, 2004]. Following the work of de Meer and Spiers [1999], Niemeijer et al [2002], or Spiers et al [2004], and assuming linear kinetic relations for the dissolution and precipitation relations (i.e., linear relations between undersaturation/supersaturation and dissolution and precipitation rate), the theoretical IPS creep equations for uniaxial compaction of a simply packed array of spherical solid grains can be written in the form:…”

Section: Theoretical Rate Equations For Compaction By Ipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, IPS plays a key role in the reduction of porosity and permeability of rocks under diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions, exerting important controls on the quality of hydrocarbon reservoirs, sealing capacity of reservoirbounding faults, and evolution of the strength properties of fault zones . In seismogenic fault zones, ongoing compaction by IPS may lead to the formation of sealed compartments in which the pore fluid pressure increases until fault rupture recurs, thus controlling the seismic cycle [Caine et al, 1996;Renard et al, 2000. Similarly, the compaction of basin sediments and gouge-filled fault zones by IPS can determine the evolution of fluid pressure and fluid flow on the basin scale [Miller et al, 1999;Yang, 2000;Gratier et al, 2003;Tuncay and Ortoleva, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compaction by IPS is achieved by stress-driven dissolution of material from grain contacts that comprise the load-bearing framework of the aggregate. The dissolved material is transported out of the contacts by diffusion through a fluid film or a microscale channel network at the grain boundary, and then precipitated on the pore walls or removed from the system by long-range advection or diffusion [Lehner, 1990[Lehner, , 1995Renard et al, 1997Renard et al, , 2000Renard et al, , 2005Zubtsov et al, 2005]. In this way, IPS plays a key role in the reduction of porosity and permeability of rocks under diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions, exerting important controls on the quality of hydrocarbon reservoirs, sealing capacity of reservoirbounding faults, and evolution of the strength properties of fault zones .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compaction creep of wet granular calcite by pressure solution at 28°C to 150°C

2010

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[1] Uniaxial compaction experiments have been carried out on wet calcite powders prepared from milled limestone, analytical grade calcite, and superpure calcite. The tests were performed at 28°C-150°C, effective stresses of 20-47 MPa, and a pore pressure of 20 MPa, using presaturated CaCO 3 solution as the pore fluid. Sample grain sizes ranged from 12 to 86 mm. The aim was to determine if creep occurs by intergranular pressure solution (IPS) under these conditions and to identify the rate-controlling process. The wet samples showed significant creep, while dry and oil-flooded samples did not. Wet samples were also characterized by microstructures such as sutured grain contacts, grain indentations, and overgrowths, suggesting the operation of IPS. The behavior of the wet samples at low strains (<4-5%) agreed well with the predictions of standard models for diffusion-controlled pressure solution. However, at higher strains (5-10%), creep slowed down compared with the model predictions. Transient flow-through tests performed in this regime led to an acceleration of creep, consistent with models for precipitation-controlled IPS, and demonstrated an increase in the impurity content of the pore fluid toward higher strains. Since some of these impurities (notably Mg 2+ ) retard precipitation in calcite, we suggest that creep occurred by diffusion-controlled IPS at low strain, giving way to precipitation control at larger strains as impurities accumulated. Fitting of the diffusion-controlled IPS model to the low strain data yielded values of the grain boundary diffusion product DS in calcite of ∼10 −19 m 3 s −1 at 150°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Rate Equations For Compaction By Ipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compaction creep of wet granular calcite by pressure solution at 28°C to 150°C

2010

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“…Pressure solution creep is a chemical deformation mechanism occurring in the presence of a reactive fluid, and is responsible for slow and irreversible compaction of sediments. Intergranular pressure solution creep is an important process of porosity loss in sedimentary basins [Rutter, 1983;Tada and Siever, 1989] or of healing of active faults during the interseismic period [Ramsay, 1980;Angevine et al, 1982;Gratier, 1987;Renard et al, 2000]. An other possible irreversible deformation mechanism during compaction of sediments is subcritical crack growth [Atkinson, 1982;Liteanu and Spiers, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental calcite dissolution under stress: Evolution of grain contact microstructure during pressure solution creep

et al. 2010

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[1] For the first time, nanometer resolution techniques both in situ and ex situ were compared in order to study calcite dissolution under stress. The obtained results enabled identification of the relative importance of pressure solution driven by normal load and free surface dissolution driven by strain energy. It is found that pressure solution of calcite crystals at the grain scale occurred by two different mechanisms. Diffusion of the dissolved solid took place either at a rough calcite/indenter interface, or through cracks that propagated from the contact toward the less stressed part of the crystal. It is also found that strain rates are mostly a function of the active process, i.e., pressure solution associated or not with cracks, rather than being influenced by stress variations. Strain rates obtained in this study are in agreement with published data of experimental calcite and carbonate dissolution under stress.

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Stress‐mediated closing of fractures: Impact of matrix diffusion

Neretnieks

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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Fracture apertures may decrease by several mechanisms when the fractures are subject to stress. This paper considers only stress-enhanced dissolution of the crystals on the stressed surfaces. First, it is argued that the stress-induced dissolution is active already at the smallest difference between effective stress on the stressed surfaces and the unstressed surface of a crystal when in contact with water. This is in contrast to the concept that there exists a critical stress below which, this does not happen, assumed in some earlier studies. Second, and in addition to, but independent of the first argument, it is shown that there is a very strong sink for the stress-enhanced dissolved crystal mass due to diffusion into the porous rock matrix. There, the solute reprecipitates on the crystal surfaces in the matrix, which are subject to lower stress than the crystals bearing the load in the fracture. Diffusion into the porous matrix of the rock has not previously been considered in this context. A simple model that includes this sink is developed, and it is shown that matrix diffusion can be the by far largest sink for the solute and can considerably increase the rate of closure of the fractures. It is further found that under some possibly not uncommon conditions, the dissolution rate of quartz crystals becomes essentially independent of the strength of the sinks for the dissolved silica.

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Kinetics of crack-sealing, intergranular pressure solution, and compaction around active faults

Cited by 208 publications

References 47 publications

Compaction creep of wet granular calcite by pressure solution at 28°C to 150°C

Compaction creep of wet granular calcite by pressure solution at 28°C to 150°C

Experimental calcite dissolution under stress: Evolution of grain contact microstructure during pressure solution creep

Stress‐mediated closing of fractures: Impact of matrix diffusion

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