kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Results of 10 month follow up in over 300 seropositive Health Care Workers

Varona, José Felipe; Madurga, Rodrigo; Peñalver, Francisco Javier; Abarca, Elena; Almirall, Cristina; Cruz, M. Palacios; Ramos, Enrique; Castellano-Vázquez, Jose Maria

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.05.028

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our study confirms that most individuals would keep their antibodies for 10 months or longer. Our results agree as well to others reporting a high percentage of individuals (above 75%) keeping antibodies positive for at least 9 months even when a titer decline is patent [14]. That would mean at least resolution of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Specific anti SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin loss would be a rare event slightly more frequent in women and a decay would be more frequent in younger donors. Mature age would determine longer antibody half-life [14]. Ageing is one of the most important determinants in COVID-19 severity [16,17] and it would have a role as well in humoral response keeping but larger cohorts and replication analyses should be performed to determine whether a an age-titer correlation exists because of the small rate of waning cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term positivity of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in convalescent plasma and blood donors

Martin

Jiménez

Page

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundOne of the most questioned issues about SARS-CoV2 immunity is how long does it last. Whether lasting differences exist between infection and vaccination boosted immunity is yet to be known. The answer to this question will determine key issues such as the reliability of individual and herd immunity or the need of sanitary restrictions or periodical revaccination. The aim of this study was to determine how long total anti SARS-CoV2 antibodies due to past infection persist in peripheral blood and whether sex, age or haematological features can influence their lasting.Material and MethodsA total of 2432 donations SARS-CoV-2 from 662 repeat donors from April 2020 to February 2021 were analysed. Donors were 69.7% males and their average age was 46. An automated chemilumiscence immunoassay for total antibodies recognizing N protein of SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma was performed.Results and discussionIn 97.6% donors with follow-up, anti SARS-CoV-2 protein N total antibodies remained positive up to 46 weeks after first positive determination. Blood group was not related to antibody waning. Lower lymphocyte counts and higher neutrophils and as well higher seric IgA would help predict future negativization of antibodies. The vast majority of donors keep their total immunoglobulins anti SARS-CoV-2 positive for longer than 10 months. Ageing might have a protective effect against antibody waning but, given the small number of cases that become negative, more studies, or larger cohorts would be needed to confirm these facts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term positivity of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in convalescent plasma and blood donors

Martin

Jiménez

Page

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…It is known that serum IgG antibody levels, as well as neutralizing antibody titers decline over time in COVID-19 recovering patients, as was established in well-controlled longitudinal observational studies [ 12 , 13 ]. Therefore, it is especially important to understand for how long the virus-specific T cells are maintained, as they can rapidly respond to re-infection and protect individuals by activating robust antibody production and or via the cytotoxicity mechanism leading to fast elimination of the pathogen from the infected organism [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of IFNγ-Secreting CD4+ and CD8+ Memory T Cells in COVID-19 Convalescents after Stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Live SARS-CoV-2

Matyushenko

Isakova–Sivak

Kudryavtsev

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Background: New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has been circulating among humans since November 2019. Multiple studies have assessed the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of virus-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents, however, some aspects of the development of memory T-cell responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection remain uncovered. Methods: In most of published studies T-cell immunity to the new coronavirus is assessed using peptides corresponding to SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes, or with peptide pools covering various parts of the viral proteins. Here, we determined the level of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cell responses in COVID-19 convalescents by stimulating PBMCs collected 1 to 6 months after recovery with sucrose gradient-purified live SARS-CoV-2. IFNγ production by the central and effector memory helper and cytotoxic T cells was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining assay and flow cytometry. Results: Stimulation of PBMCs with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed IFNγ-producing T-helper effector memory cells with CD4+CD45RA−CCR7− phenotype, which persisted in circulation for up to 6 month after COVID-19. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ-secreting cytotoxic effector memory T cells were found at significant levels only shortly after the disease, but rapidly decreased over time. Conclusion: The stimulation of immune cells with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed a rapid decline in the pool of effector memory CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells after recovery from COVID-19. These data provide additional information on the development and persistence of cellular immune responses after natural infection, and can inform further development of T cell-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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“…Compared to symptomatic HCW, those who were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms were at almost seven times higher risk of being seronegative, corroborating previous reports ( 8 – 11 ). It has been reported that severity of COVID-19 affects the initial magnitude but not persistence of antibodies ( 3 ), Although a recent study demonstrated that antibodies decline over time and their half-life is positively associated with the intensity of the initial response ( 12 ). We do not present data implying a correlation between initial antibody response and antibody persistence, as we did not measure antibody titers initially or at the following time points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Being Seronegative following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Health Care Workers in Denmark

et al. 2021

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Most individuals seroconvert after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but negative serology is observed in 1 to 9%. We found that asymptomatic or mild infection as well as a BMI above 30 were associated with being seronegative. Since the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of reinfection, efforts to protect HCW with risk factors for being seronegative may be needed in future COVID-19 surges.

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kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Results of 10 month follow up in over 300 seropositive Health Care Workers

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Long term positivity of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in convalescent plasma and blood donors

Long term positivity of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in convalescent plasma and blood donors

Detection of IFNγ-Secreting CD4+ and CD8+ Memory T Cells in COVID-19 Convalescents after Stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Live SARS-CoV-2

Risk Factors for Being Seronegative following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Health Care Workers in Denmark

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